Když jdu rychle do práce, mám ještě chvíli čas na kávu.

Czech often leaves out subject pronouns when they are not needed. The verb endings already show who the subject is:

• jdu = I go / I’m going
• mám = I have

So já is unnecessary unless you want emphasis or contrast:

• Když jdu rychle do práce, mám ještě chvíli čas na kávu. = neutral
• Když já jdu rychle do práce... = marked, contrastive, something like when I go quickly to work...

Here když means when or whenever. It introduces a subordinate clause:

• Když jdu rychle do práce... = When/Whenever I go quickly to work...

In other contexts, když can sometimes be close to if, but in this sentence when/whenever is the natural meaning.

Czech uses the present tense here for a general or repeated situation, just like English can say:

• When I go quickly to work, I still have time for coffee.

So this is not necessarily about one specific trip today. It can describe a usual pattern: whenever this happens, the result is the same.

This is a very common Czech question because motion verbs work differently from English.

• jít / jdu = going in one direction, one trip, a specific instance
• chodit / chodím = going habitually, repeatedly, back and forth, or on foot in general

In this sentence, jdu do práce presents the trip as a concrete movement toward work: when I go to work.

If you used chodím, the meaning would shift more toward a habitual pattern:

• Když chodím rychle do práce... = When I go/walk to work quickly (as a habit)...

That is possible in some contexts, but jdu sounds more natural in this sentence.

Because do is the preposition normally used for movement into/to a place, and work is treated as a destination here:

• jdu do práce = I’m going to work

This is a fixed, very common expression in Czech.

Because do requires the genitive case, and the genitive singular of práce happens to look the same as the nominative singular:

• nominative: práce
• genitive: práce

So the case changes grammatically, but the form does not visibly change here.

Rychle is an adverb meaning quickly. It modifies jdu:

• jdu rychle = I go / I’m going quickly

So it describes the manner of going to work.

Yes, Czech word order is flexible. Rychle can move, although some positions sound more neutral than others.

For example:

• Když jdu rychle do práce... = very natural
• Když rychle jdu do práce... = possible, but less neutral
• Když jdu do práce rychle... = also possible, often with a slightly different emphasis

The original version is a very normal, natural order.

Because Když jdu rychle do práce is a subordinate clause, and in Czech subordinate clauses are separated by a comma from the main clause.

So:

• Když jdu rychle do práce, mám ještě chvíli čas na kávu.

This is standard Czech punctuation.

Here ještě means something like still or yet:

• mám ještě chvíli čas = I still have a little time

It suggests that some time remains before work starts or before the speaker has to do something else.

Because Czech normally expresses this idea with have:

• mám čas = I have time

That is the standard way to say it. English can also say I have time, so this part matches English nicely.

Chvíli is the accusative singular form of chvíle.

In this sentence, chvíli is used in an adverbial way to mean for a little while / a little bit. In the phrase:

• mám ještě chvíli čas

it means I still have a little time.

This is a very common Czech pattern. You can think of chvíli here as meaning a short while.

Because na here takes the accusative case and expresses purpose or intended use:

• čas na kávu = time for coffee
• jít na kávu = to go for coffee

So káva changes to the accusative singular kávu.

By contrast:

• na kávě would be locative, used in expressions like být na kávě = to be out having coffee / at coffee

Not necessarily. It is often idiomatic.

• mít čas na kávu can mean to have time for a coffee, to have time for coffee, or even to have time for a coffee break

So it does not have to focus on one exact cup; it can refer more generally to the activity.

Yes. Czech word order is flexible, and changes usually affect emphasis rather than basic meaning.

For example:

• Když jdu rychle do práce, mám ještě chvíli čas na kávu. = neutral
• Ještě mám chvíli čas na kávu, když jdu rychle do práce. = possible, but different emphasis
• Když jdu do práce rychle, mám ještě čas na kávu. = also possible

The original sentence sounds natural and balanced, especially for a neutral statement.