Všichni jsou tady kromě instruktora.

In Czech, všichni means all people / everyone, but grammatically it behaves as a plural form, so it takes a plural verb:

• Všichni jsou ... = Everyone is / All are ...

This is different from English, where everyone is grammatically singular.

Also, všichni is the form used for a group of people, especially a masculine animate or mixed-gender group. Czech often uses the masculine animate plural as the default for mixed groups.

Všichni is a pronoun-like adjective (often treated as a pronominal adjective). It comes from všechen = all / the whole.

Here, všichni is:

• nominative plural
• masculine animate
• used on its own to mean everyone / all people

So in this sentence it functions as the subject.

Related forms include:

• všechny for some feminine or non-masculine plural contexts
• všechno = everything

Because kromě requires the genitive case.

So:

• instruktor = nominative singular
• instruktora = genitive singular

That is why the sentence says:

• kromě instruktora = except for the instructor

This is a very common pattern:

• kromě Petra
• kromě učitele
• kromě nás

Yes, kromě is a preposition that normally takes the genitive.

Examples:

• kromě instruktora
• kromě studentů
• kromě mě

Its main meaning is except for / apart from / besides, depending on context.

In your sentence, it clearly means except for.

Yes. Kromě can mean:

• except for
• apart from
• sometimes besides / in addition to

The exact meaning depends on context.

For example:

• Všichni jsou tady kromě instruktora.
  = Everyone is here except the instructor.

But:

• Kromě češtiny se učím i polsky.
  = Besides Czech, I’m also learning Polish.

So the word is the same, but the translation changes with context.

Czech has no articles like English a/an/the.

So instruktor or instruktora can mean:

• an instructor
• the instructor

The exact meaning is understood from context.

In this sentence, English naturally uses the instructor, but Czech does not need any separate word for that.

Yes, zde would also be correct:

• Všichni jsou tady kromě instruktora.
• Všichni jsou zde kromě instruktora.

Both mean here, but:

• tady = more common in everyday speech
• zde = more formal, neutral, or written

So tady sounds very natural in conversation.

Yes. Czech word order is fairly flexible, because case endings show grammatical roles.

The basic version:

• Všichni jsou tady kromě instruktora.

Other possible versions:

• Všichni tady jsou kromě instruktora.
• Kromě instruktora jsou tady všichni.

These all express roughly the same core meaning, but the emphasis changes:

• Všichni jsou tady ... = neutral
• Kromě instruktora ... = emphasizes the exception first

So word order in Czech often affects focus more than basic grammar.

In standard Czech, jsou should be included here.

• Všichni jsou tady. = correct
• Všichni tady. = incomplete in normal standard Czech

Czech sometimes drops forms of to be in very informal speech, headlines, or notes, but in a full normal sentence like this, you should keep jsou.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• všichni ≈ fshi-kh-nee
• jsou ≈ soh
• tady ≈ ta-dih
• kromě ≈ kro-mnye
• instruktora ≈ in-struk-to-ra

A few helpful notes:

• vš at the start of všichni can be tricky for English speakers.
• ch in všichni is like the sound in German Bach or Scottish loch.
• j in jsou is usually not strongly pronounced here; the word often sounds close to sou.
• ě in kromě softens the preceding consonant, so it sounds roughly like mnye.

Yes. Since kromě takes the genitive, the noun after it must appear in the correct genitive form.

For example:

• kromě instruktora = except for the male instructor
• kromě instruktorky = except for the female instructor

So the preposition stays the same, but the noun changes according to gender and case.

Yes, všichni is used for people.

If you mean everything, you would use všechno, not všichni.

Compare:

• Všichni jsou tady. = Everyone is here.
• Všechno je tady. = Everything is here.

Notice that všechno takes a singular verb:

• všechno je, not všechno jsou

So:

• všichni → people, plural verb
• všechno → things/everything, singular verb