Nájemce poslal pronajímateli písemnou námitku.

• nájemce = tenant
• pronajímateli = to the landlord
• písemnou námitku = a written objection

Czech uses case endings to show each word’s role in the sentence, so you do not rely only on word order the way you usually do in English.

Here:

• nájemce is the subject: the person who sent something
• pronajímateli is the indirect object in the dative: the person who received it
• námitku is the direct object in the accusative: the thing that was sent

So even if the order changed, the endings still show the roles.

Because the verb poslat often takes:

• someone/something in the accusative = what is sent
• the recipient in the dative = to whom it is sent

The base form is pronajímatel (landlord), but in the dative singular it becomes pronajímateli.

So:

• pronajímatel = landlord
• pronajímateli = to the landlord

You can think of the ending as doing the job of English to.

Because námitka is the direct object of poslal (sent), so it must be in the accusative singular.

• nominative: námitka = objection
• accusative: námitku = objection, as the thing being sent

This is very common with feminine nouns ending in -a:

• nominative singular: -a
• accusative singular: -u

For example:

• žádost is a different pattern, but
• smlouva → smlouvu
• nabídka → nabídku
• námitka → námitku

Adjectives in Czech must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Since námitku is:

• feminine
• singular
• accusative

the adjective must match it:

• nominative feminine singular: písemná námitka
• accusative feminine singular: písemnou námitku

So písemnou is simply the matching accusative form of písemná.

Yes, nájemce is a masculine animate noun, even though it ends in -e.

That may feel strange to English speakers, because the ending does not look typically masculine. But Czech has several masculine nouns ending in -e, especially words referring to people, such as:

• soudce = judge
• poradce = adviser
• zástupce = representative
• nájemce = tenant

So you have to learn the gender as part of the noun, not just guess it from the ending.

Poslal is the past tense of poslat, which is a perfective verb.

That means it usually describes a completed action:

• Nájemce poslal pronajímateli písemnou námitku. = The tenant sent / has sent the written objection.

The imperfective partner is posílat:

• posílat = to send, to be sending, to send repeatedly/habitually
• poslat = to send once, successfully/completely

Compare:

• Posílal námitku. = He was sending / used to send the objection.
• Poslal námitku. = He sent the objection.

Yes. Czech word order is much more flexible than English because the case endings already show the grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Nájemce poslal pronajímateli písemnou námitku.

But you could also see:

• Písemnou námitku poslal nájemce pronajímateli.
• Pronajímateli poslal nájemce písemnou námitku.

These versions are not exactly identical in emphasis:

• putting pronajímateli first can highlight to the landlord
• putting písemnou námitku first can highlight the written objection

So the meaning stays basically the same, but the focus changes.

Czech has no articles. There is no direct equivalent of English a/an or the in ordinary sentences.

So:

• nájemce can mean the tenant or a tenant
• pronajímateli can mean to the landlord or to a landlord
• písemnou námitku can mean a written objection or the written objection

You understand which one is meant from the context.

If Czech needs to be more specific, it uses other tools, such as:

• word order
• context
• demonstratives like ten, tento
• possessives, etc.

Both can be possible in Czech:

• pronajímateli
• pronajímatelovi

They are both dative singular forms of pronajímatel.

In many contexts, -ovi forms are very common with masculine animate nouns referring to people, but -i/-u type forms also exist depending on the noun and style. For this word, pronajímateli is completely normal and standard.

So if you encounter pronajímatelovi, do not be surprised—it means the same thing: to the landlord.

Yes, it sounds fairly formal and somewhat legal/administrative.

That comes from words like:

• nájemce = tenant
• pronajímatel = landlord
• námitka = objection
• písemná = written

In everyday speech, people might sometimes use less formal wording depending on the situation, but this sentence sounds very natural in:

• rental disputes
• contracts
• official communication
• legal descriptions of events

So this is the kind of Czech you might see in a letter, complaint, or legal text.

Czech stress is usually on the first syllable of each word.

So roughly:

• NÁ-jem-ce
• PO-slal
• pro-NÁ-ji-ma-te-li
• PÍ-sem-nou
• NÁ-mit-ku

A rough English-friendly guide:

• Nájemce ≈ NAA-yehm-tseh
• poslal ≈ POS-lal
• pronajímateli ≈ pro-NAA-yee-ma-teh-lee
• písemnou ≈ PEE-sem-noh
• námitku ≈ NAA-mit-koo

A few useful notes:

• á and í are long vowels
• c is pronounced like ts
• j is pronounced like English y

So nájemce is not like English jay; it is more like naa-yem-tseh.

The adjective písemnou adds important information: the objection was in writing.

Without it:

• Nájemce poslal pronajímateli námitku. = The tenant sent the landlord an objection.

With it:

• Nájemce poslal pronajímateli písemnou námitku. = The tenant sent the landlord a written objection.

In legal or administrative contexts, whether something was made orally or in writing can matter a lot, so this adjective is meaningful, not just decorative.