Potvrda je stigla putem e-maila.

Croatian has no articles, so there is no separate word for the or a/an.

So Potvrda je stigla putem e-maila can mean:

• The confirmation arrived via email
• A confirmation arrived via email

Which one is meant depends on context.

Because stigla agrees with potvrda, which is a feminine singular noun.

In Croatian past tense, the main verb changes to match the subject in gender and number:

• stigao = masculine singular
• stigla = feminine singular
• stiglo = neuter singular
• stigli = masculine personal plural or mixed plural
• stigle = feminine plural

Since potvrda is feminine singular, you get:

• Potvrda je stigla.

This is the perfect tense, one of the main past tenses in Croatian.

It is formed with:

• the auxiliary biti in the present tense: je
• plus the past active participle: stigla

So:

• je stigla = has arrived / arrived

Also, the verb stići is perfective, so it presents the action as completed. In this sentence, the confirmation did in fact arrive.

Because je is a clitic in Croatian. Clitics are short unstressed words that usually go in the second position in the sentence or clause.

So Croatian often places je after the first element:

• Potvrda je stigla putem e-maila.

This is completely normal.

You will see the same pattern in many sentences:

• Marko je došao.
• Poruka je nestala.
• Račun je plaćen.

The exact word order can change, but clitics like je still tend to stay in second position.

Potvrda is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence.

It is the thing that arrived, so it appears in the basic subject form:

• potvrda = nominative singular

If the noun had a different role, its form might change.

Here putem means via, by means of, or through.

In modern Croatian, putem + genitive is a common, slightly more formal way to say that something happens through a channel or medium:

• putem e-maila = via email
• putem interneta = via the internet
• putem telefona = by phone

So in this sentence, putem introduces the method/channel by which the confirmation arrived.

Because putem requires the genitive case, and e-mail changes form in the genitive singular:

• nominative: e-mail
• genitive: e-maila

So:

• putem e-maila = via email

This is one of the common things learners need to notice: after certain words and prepositions, the noun changes case.

No. A very natural alternative is:

• Potvrda je stigla e-mailom.

Here e-mailom is the instrumental singular, and it also means by email / via email.

Both are correct, but there is a slight difference in feel:

• putem e-maila = a bit more formal or administrative
• e-mailom = very natural, often a bit simpler and more everyday

You may also see:

• elektroničkom poštom
• mailom in informal speech

It can change. Croatian word order is more flexible than English word order.

For example, all of these can be possible depending on emphasis and context:

• Potvrda je stigla putem e-maila.
• Putem e-maila je stigla potvrda.
• Stigla je potvrda putem e-maila.

The basic meaning stays similar, but the focus changes a little.

Still, one important rule remains: the clitic je usually stays near the second position.

Sometimes yes, but stigla is usually the better choice here.

• stići = to arrive, to reach its destination
• doći = to come

For messages, letters, emails, confirmations, packages, and similar things, stići is very common because it emphasizes successful arrival.

So:

• Potvrda je stigla sounds very natural.
• Potvrda je došla may also be understood, and people do say things like that in everyday speech, but stigla is often more idiomatic for this kind of context.

No. You may see several variants, depending on style, formality, and personal preference:

• e-mail
• email
• mail in informal usage
• e-pošta as a more Croatian-style equivalent

In declined forms, you may also see:

• e-maila
• emaila

So the exact spelling can vary, but the grammar works the same way.