La meva veïna va treballar ahir, però avui també vol anar a un restaurant lluny de l'oficina.

In standard Catalan, a possessive usually goes together with a definite article: el meu, la meva, els meus, les meves, and so on.

So la meva veïna is the normal way to say my neighbor.

Leaving out the article here would sound unnatural in standard Catalan. English says my neighbor, but Catalan normally says literally the my neighbor.

Yes. Veïna is the feminine form, so it means female neighbor.

• veí = male neighbor
• veïna = female neighbor

If the gender is known and the person is a woman, veïna is the correct form.

This is one of the most important points in Catalan grammar.

In Catalan, va + infinitive is a very common past tense, called the periphrastic past.

So:

• va treballar = worked
• literally it looks like goes/went to work, but grammatically it means a past action

Here, va is not acting as the normal verb to go. It is part of a past-tense construction.

So La meva veïna va treballar ahir means My neighbor worked yesterday.

It is more like worked.

Va treballar usually refers to a completed action in the past. In this sentence, it fits the idea of she worked yesterday.

If you wanted something more like was working, Catalan would normally use the imperfect:

• treballava = was working / used to work

So:

• va treballar ahir = worked yesterday
• treballava ahir = could mean was working yesterday, depending on context

Yes, it can move.

Ahir means yesterday, and Catalan word order is fairly flexible. In this sentence, putting it at the end is very natural and neutral:

• La meva veïna va treballar ahir

But these are also possible:

• Ahir la meva veïna va treballar
• La meva veïna ahir va treballar

The version in the sentence sounds normal and unmarked.

Because Catalan often leaves out subjects when they are already clear from context.

In the sentence:

• La meva veïna va treballar ahir, però avui també vol anar...

the subject of vol anar is still la meva veïna, so it does not need to be repeated.

A fuller version would be:

• La meva veïna va treballar ahir, però avui la meva veïna també vol anar...

But that sounds repetitive. Catalan usually prefers to omit it when the subject is obvious.

També means also or too.

Here it adds the idea that, in addition to what was mentioned before, she also wants to do this today.

In this sentence:

• avui també vol anar...

the meaning is roughly today she also wants to go...

Its position can vary a bit depending on emphasis, but putting it before the verb is very common.

For example:

• Avui també vol anar... = Today she also wants to go...
• També avui vol anar... is possible, but less neutral in many contexts

Because vol anar means wants to go, not will go.

• vol = wants
• anar = to go

So vol anar is simply wants to go.

If you wanted will go, Catalan would normally use the future tense:

• anirà = will go

So these are different:

• vol anar = wants to go
• anirà = will go

Because the verb anar normally takes the preposition a before a destination.

So:

• anar a casa = to go home
• anar a l'escola = to go to school
• anar a un restaurant = to go to a restaurant

The un means it is a restaurant, not a specific one.

Compare:

• a un restaurant = to a restaurant / some restaurant
• al restaurant = to the restaurant

Lluny de means far from.

So:

• lluny de l'oficina = far from the office

The reason it is de l'oficina is that oficina is feminine singular and begins with a vowel.

Normally you would have:

• la oficina

But before a vowel, la becomes l':

• l'oficina

And after de:

• de l'oficina

This is just the normal elision pattern in Catalan.

They help show pronunciation and stress.

• veïna has a diaeresis on ï, which shows that the vowels are pronounced separately: ve-ï-na, not as one diphthong.
• però has a grave accent on ò, which helps mark the stressed syllable and the vowel quality.
• també has an acute accent on é, showing that the stress falls on the last syllable: tam-BÉ.

These marks are important in written Catalan and often help distinguish pronunciation clearly.

Yes, mostly.

Catalan allows some flexibility in word order, especially with time expressions like ahir and avui.

For example, these are all possible:

• La meva veïna va treballar ahir, però avui també vol anar a un restaurant lluny de l'oficina.
• Ahir la meva veïna va treballar, però avui també vol anar a un restaurant lluny de l'oficina.
• La meva veïna va treballar ahir, però també vol anar avui a un restaurant lluny de l'oficina.

The basic meaning stays similar, but the emphasis changes slightly. The original sentence has a very natural, neutral order.