Die dansvolger volg die dansleier.

Because die means the in Afrikaans, and both the subject and the object are definite:

• die dansvolger = the dance follower
• die dansleier = the dance leader

Afrikaans does not have separate forms like English the for different genders or cases, so the same word die is used in both places.

No. Afrikaans does not use grammatical gender the way languages like German do.
So die stays the same no matter whether the noun refers to a man, a woman, or something else.

That makes Afrikaans simpler than Dutch or German in this respect.

Afrikaans often forms compound nouns by writing them as a single word.

So:

• dans
  • volger → dansvolger
• dans
  • leier → dansleier

This is very common in Afrikaans. English often writes similar expressions as two words, but Afrikaans usually joins them into one compound.

In Afrikaans compounds, the last part is usually the main noun, and the earlier part describes it.

So:

• volger = follower
• dansvolger = dance follower

and

• leier = leader
• dansleier = dance leader

A useful rule: the final element usually tells you what kind of thing the word is.

Afrikaans verbs usually do not change according to the subject in the present tense.

So you get:

• Ek volg = I follow
• Jy volg = you follow
• Hy volg = he follows
• Ons volg = we follow

Unlike English, there is no special -s form like he follows. The verb stays volg.

Here it is the present tense finite verb: follows / follow.

In Afrikaans, the infinitive often appears with om te:

• om te volg = to follow

But in a normal main clause like this one, you simply use volg.

You know mainly from word order.

This sentence follows the normal Afrikaans pattern:

• Subject + Verb + Object

So:

• Die dansvolger = subject
• volg = verb
• die dansleier = object

Even though both noun phrases begin with die, the first one is understood as the doer of the action, and the second one as the receiver of the action.

Yes, in this simple statement it is.

• Die dansvolger = The dance follower
• volg = follows
• die dansleier = the dance leader

So the structure is the same basic subject–verb–object order that English uses.

Die is capitalized only because it is the first word of the sentence.

In Afrikaans, nouns are not normally capitalized.
So unlike German, you would write:

• die dansvolger
• die dansleier

with lowercase letters unless they begin a sentence.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

die → roughly like dee
dansvolger → roughly dahns-fol-kher
volg → roughly folkh
dansleier → roughly dahns-lay-er

A few notes:

• g in Afrikaans is usually a throaty sound, not the English g in go
• ei in leier sounds like ay
• a in dans is more like ah than the English a in dance

Pronunciation varies somewhat by accent, but those approximations are a good start.

No. Afrikaans has largely lost the old case system.

That means:

• no special article changes for subject vs object
• no noun endings to show case in sentences like this

So die remains die, whether the noun is the subject or the object.

You would usually make both nouns plural:

Die dansvolgers volg die dansleiers.

That means The dance followers follow the dance leaders.

Notice that die still stays the same. Only the nouns change:

• dansvolger → dansvolgers
• dansleier → dansleiers

Yes, if you mean a / an instead of the.

For example:

’n Dansvolger volg ’n dansleier.

That would mean A dance follower follows a dance leader.

So:

• die = the
• ’n = a / an

It is grammatically natural, but it sounds a bit specialized because dansvolger and dansleier are role terms used in dancing, especially partner dancing.

So the structure is very natural Afrikaans, but the vocabulary belongs to a specific context. That still makes it a good example for learning how articles, compounds, and word order work.