Die kondensasiewater val in die drupbak.

Yes. Die is the Afrikaans definite article, and here it means the.

A useful thing to know is that Afrikaans uses die much more broadly than English uses the:

• die man = the man
• die vrou = the woman
• die kinders = the children

Unlike English, Afrikaans does not change the article for gender, and unlike Dutch or German, it does not have several different forms of the depending on case.

In your sentence:

• Die kondensasiewater = the condensation water

Because both nouns are definite:

• Die kondensasiewater = the condensation water
• die drupbak = the drip tray

So the sentence has two noun phrases, and each one has its own article:

• Die kondensasiewater = the subject
• in die drupbak = a prepositional phrase

This is completely normal in Afrikaans, just as in English:

• The water falls into the tray.

Yes, it is one word. Afrikaans very often writes compound nouns as a single word.

So:

• kondensasie = condensation
• water = water
• kondensasiewater = condensation water / condensate water

This is very common in Afrikaans:

• drupbak = drip tray
• kombuistafel = kitchen table
• sonlig = sunlight

English sometimes writes similar ideas as two words, but Afrikaans usually prefers one compound word.

Val means fall or falls.

In this sentence, it is the verb:

• Die kondensasiewater val ... = The condensation water falls ...

A helpful point for English speakers: Afrikaans verbs usually do not change form depending on the subject in the present tense.

Compare:

• Ek val = I fall
• Jy val = you fall
• Die water val = the water falls

English adds -s in falls, but Afrikaans keeps val the same.

It actually is in the second position here.

Afrikaans main clauses often follow the verb-second pattern:

1. first element: Die kondensasiewater
2. finite verb: val
3. rest of the sentence: in die drupbak

So the structure is:

• Subject + verb + rest

That is very normal Afrikaans word order.

If you move another element to the front, the verb still stays second:

• In die drupbak val die kondensasiewater.

That sounds more marked or literary, but it shows the same rule.

Because in means in/into, and here the idea is that the water ends up inside the drip tray.

In everyday Afrikaans, in can often cover both:

• location: in = in
• movement into something: in = into

So:

• Die water is in die drupbak. = The water is in the drip tray.
• Die water val in die drupbak. = The water falls into the drip tray.

You might also see na for movement to/toward, but that would not fit as naturally here, because the tray is a container and the water is falling into it.

Drupbak is a compound noun:

• drup = drip
• bak = tray / container / basin

So drupbak means drip tray or drip pan, depending on context.

Like kondensasiewater, it is written as one word because it is a compound noun.

No, not by itself. Die can be used with both singular and plural nouns.

For example:

• die drupbak = the drip tray
• die drupbakke = the drip trays

So in your sentence, you know drupbak is singular because of the noun itself, not because of die.

Very literally, it is:

• Die = the
• kondensasiewater = condensation water
• val = falls
• in = in / into
• die drupbak = the drip tray

So the word-for-word structure is:

• The condensation water falls into the drip tray.

This is actually quite close to normal English word order, which makes the sentence fairly easy for an English speaker to recognize.

A rough English-friendly guide:

• kondensasiewater ≈ kon-den-SAH-see-va-ter
• drupbak ≈ DRUP-bak

A few pronunciation notes:

• w in Afrikaans is usually like English v
• a is often broader than in English
• r may be lightly rolled or tapped, depending on the speaker

So water in Afrikaans sounds more like VAH-ter than English waw-ter.

Yes, that could also be possible, depending on the exact meaning.

The difference is:

• val = falls
• drup = drips

So:

• Die kondensasiewater val in die drupbak suggests the water falls into the tray.
• Die kondensasiewater drup in die drupbak emphasizes that it is dripping into the tray, possibly drop by drop.

Both can be natural, but drup gives a more specific image of the way the water moves.