Breakdown of Die Fläche war gefährlich, deswegen hat sie komplett ausgebessert werden müssen.
sein
to be
sie
she
haben
to have
müssen
to have to, must
gefährlich
dangerous
deswegen
therefore / because of that
werden
to be (passive auxiliary + past participle)
die Fläche
the area (surface)
komplett
completely (in its entirety)
ausbessern
to mend
Questions & Answers about Die Fläche war gefährlich, deswegen hat sie komplett ausgebessert werden müssen.
Why does the sentence end with werden müssen instead of a past participle like gemusst?
This is due to the double infinitive rule. When a modal verb (like müssen) is used in the Perfekt tense alongside another verb, it drops its past participle (gemusst) and uses its infinitive form instead. For a passive sentence, this creates a specific three-verb cluster at the end: the past participle of the main action (ausgebessert), the passive marker werden, and finally the modal infinitive müssen.
Why does hat appear right after deswegen, so far away from the other verbs?
The word deswegen (that is why) is an adverb that takes up the first position in its clause. Because the conjugated verb must sit in position two, hat comes immediately next. The entire rest of the verb complex (ausgebessert werden müssen) gets pushed to the very end of the clause, just like in any normal Perfekt sentence.
Could I just use repariert instead of ausgebessert?
You would be understood, but ausgebessert is a much better fit here. The verb ausbessern specifically means to mend, patch up, or touch up flaws on a surface, road, or piece of fabric. The verb reparieren is usually better suited for fixing broken objects, devices, or machines.
Why does the first half use the simple past (war) but the second half uses the Perfekt (hat ... müssen)?
This mixture is extremely common in everyday German. Even when speaking or writing in the conversational past (Perfekt), native speakers prefer the shorter simple past forms for the verbs sein, haben, and the modals. Using war instead of ist gewesen simply sounds much more natural.
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