Learn French: Ce qui a créé le malaise, c'est cette provocation. - What created the discomfort is this provocation.

In this emphasizing structure, you must choose between ce qui and ce que based on their grammatical role. Here, "what" is doing the action (it created the discomfort), so it is the subject of the verb a créé. You use ce qui for subjects. If "what" were the object receiving the action (for example, "what he created"), you would use ce que.

Why is there a c'est before cette provocation? Wouldn't just est be enough?

In English, we say "What created the discomfort IS this provocation." But in French, when you start a sentence with a Ce qui... or Ce que... clause to highlight information, you usually need to echo back to it with the pronoun ce before the verb être. So, the standard structure is Ce qui... c'est....

Does le malaise refer to a physical sickness here?

Not usually in this context. While faire un malaise does mean to faint or feel physically ill, in social, professional, or political contexts like this sentence, le malaise translates to "awkwardness," "unease," or "tension."

Why does créé have two accented é's in a row?