Learn French: Est-ce que je peux entrer ici ?

When you use two verbs together, like expressing what you can do, only the first verb (peux) is conjugated. The second verb (entrer) stays in its dictionary form, called the infinitive. This works just like in English: "I can enter".

Can I flip the subject and verb and ask Peux-je entrer ici ?

No, peux-je is actually incorrect in French! If you want to invert the subject and verb to ask "Can I?", you have to use a special form: Puis-je. Because that sounds very formal, everyday French prefers to use Est-ce que je peux, exactly as it is in this sentence.

What is the role of Est-ce que in this sentence?

Literally, it means "Is it that". It is a fixed phrase used to turn a regular statement (Je peux entrer ici - I can enter here) into a yes-or-no question. You don't translate it literally; it just does the job of moving "Can" to the front of the question in English.

Would it be correct to translate this as "Can I go in here?"

Yes! English relies a lot on phrases like "go in" or "come in", but French prefers to use single, specific verbs like entrer (to enter). Both English translations mean the same thing and fit perfectly here.