Breakdown of پرسنل دیگر از مالیات معاف نیستند، به استثنای کارگران موقت.
بودنbudan
to be
ازaz
from
کارگرkârgar
worker
مالیاتmâliyât
tax
دیگرdigar
anymore / no longer
موقتmovaqqat
temporary
پرسنلpersonel
personnel
به استثنایbe estesnâ-ye
with the exception of / excluding
معافmo'âf
exempt
Questions & Answers about پرسنل دیگر از مالیات معاف نیستند، به استثنای کارگران موقت.
How does the phrase be esthesnâ-ye grammatically connect to the workers in this sentence?
It uses an ezâfe. The word esthesnâ (exception) ends in a vowel, so it takes the -ye suffix to link directly to the noun phrase kârgarân-e movaqqat (temporary workers). This makes the formal prepositional phrase function just like 'with the exception of' in English.
Why does digar mean 'no longer' here instead of its usual meaning of 'other'?
When digar acts as an adverb in a sentence with a negative verb, like nistand (are not) in this example, it translates to 'no longer' or 'not anymore.' If it were meant as an adjective meaning 'other personnel,' it would have been linked with an ezâfe as personnel-e digar.
The word personnel doesn't have a Farsi plural marker. Why is the verb nistand in the plural form?
personnel is a loanword that is inherently collective. In Farsi, collective nouns referring to groups of people typically take plural verbs, so it naturally pairs with the plural verb nistand (they are not).
Is the adjective mo'âf (exempt) always paired with the preposition az?
Yes, just like in English where you are 'exempt from' something, in Farsi you are mo'âf az something. Here, the phrase az mâliyât mo'âf literally translates to 'from taxes exempt'.
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