Question 1

How does the word انحصار fit into the Form VII (Enfe'âl) pattern we are learning?

Accepted Answer

The word انحصار (monopoly) comes from the Arabic root ح ص ر (H-S-R, relating to restricting, containing, or surrounding). By plugging these root letters into the en-C1-e-C2-â-C3 pattern, we get enhesâr. This Form VII pattern often carries a passive, yielding, or reflexive meaning, so enhesâr literally implies 'the state of being restricted'. In an economic context, a market restricted to a single seller is a 'monopoly'.

Question 2

Where are the unwritten Ezafe vowels in this sentence?

Accepted Answer

There are two Ezafe connectors. The first creates the phrase enhesâr-e in bâzâr (the monopoly of this market), linking the head noun to its possessor. The second creates dar dast-e yek sherkat (in the hands of one company), linking the noun dast (hand) to the company. Note that the preposition dar (in) stands alone and does not take an Ezafe.

Question 3

Is در دست (dar dast) used as a literal or figurative expression here?

Accepted Answer

It is figurative, but it maps perfectly to the English idiom 'in the hands of'. In Farsi, dar dast-e is a very common way to express control, power, or management over something abstract, like a market, an industry, or a country.

Question 4

Why isn't there an indefinite ی at the end of شرکت if the translation says 'one company'?

Accepted Answer

While yek sherkati would mean 'some unspecified company', using just yek sherkat places a stronger emphasis on the number 'one'. In the context of a monopoly (enhesâr), the speaker wants to highlight that exactly one single entity controls the market, so the literal 'one company' is the best fit.

انحصار این بازار در دست یک شرکت است.

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