Breakdown of کشاورز هنوز از یک آفتکش موثر استفاده نکرده است.
یکyek
one / a, an
ازaz
from
استفاده کردنestefâde kardan
to use
هنوزhanuz
yet / still
Questions & Answers about کشاورز هنوز از یک آفتکش موثر استفاده نکرده است.
The lesson is about forming 'anti-' words with ضد (zed-e), but this sentence uses آفتکش (âfat-kosh) for 'pesticide'. How is this formed?
While ضد means 'anti-', Farsi often uses the suffix کش (kosh) for chemical agents that destroy pests, similar to '-killer' in English. آفت (âfat) means 'pest' or 'blight', and کش is the present stem of کشتن (koshtan - to kill). So, آفتکش literally means 'pest-killer'.
Why is there an از (az) before یک آفتکش?
It pairs with the compound verb استفاده کردن (estefâde kardan - to use). In Farsi, you do not 'use something'; you 'make use from something'. The structure is always از [چیزی] استفاده کردن, even when the object and the verb are separated by other words.
Why is the verb نکرده است (nakarde ast) in the present perfect instead of the simple past?
The word هنوز (hanooz - yet/still) strongly triggers the present perfect tense here, just as it does in English ('has not yet used'). It emphasizes that the state of not using the pesticide started in the past and remains true right up to the present moment.
Where does the Ezafe go in the phrase یک آفتکش موثر?
The Ezafe is placed at the very end of the compound noun, linking it to the adjective. It is pronounced 'yek âfat-kosh-e mo'asser'. You do not break apart the compound word; treat آفتکش as a single noun when adding the Ezafe.