Breakdown of یک واکنش زنجیرهای اتفاق افتاد، که این امر باعث افزایش دمای کلنی شد.
این
this
یکyek
one / a, an
کهke
that (conjunction)
اتفاق افتادنettefâq oftâdan
to happen
دماdamâ
temperature
واکنشvâkonesh
reaction
افزایشafzâyesh
increase
باعث شدنbâ'es shodan
to cause
امرamr
matter / fact
کلنیkoloni
colony
زنجیرهایzanjire-i
chain (adjective), chain-like
Questions & Answers about یک واکنش زنجیرهای اتفاق افتاد، که این امر باعث افزایش دمای کلنی شد.
Why does the sentence use که این امر instead of just که for "which"?
In English, "which" can refer back to a whole clause (like the fact that a chain reaction happened). In Farsi, using just که usually refers only to the noun immediately before it. To refer to the entire preceding situation, Farsi adds a summarizing phrase like این امر (this matter) or این مسئله (this issue) directly after که.
How does the construction for "caused" (باعث ... شد) work here?
The verb باعث شدن means "to cause". When the result is a noun phrase, it takes the ezafe linking vowel: باعثِ plus the noun plus شد. Here, it wraps around the long noun phrase افزایش دمای کلنی (the increase of the colony's temperature). If the result were an action, you would instead use باعث شد که followed by a subjunctive verb.
How is the adjective زنجیرهای formed?
It is built from زنجیره (chain or series), which itself comes from زنجیر (chain). The ای suffix is a common way to turn a noun into a related adjective, making واکنش زنجیرهای literally mean a "chain-like reaction".
Can you break down the ezafe chain in the second half of the sentence?
The main chain is افزایشِ دمایِ کلنی (increase of the temperature of the colony). It links افزایش (increase) to دما (temperature) and then to کلنی (colony). Because دما ends in a long vowel, its ezafe is written with a ی. There is also an unwritten ezafe connecting باعث to the start of this chain: باعثِ افزایش.
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