Referring to a Whole Clause with که این امر
In English, we use "which" to refer back to an entire preceding situation (e.g., "The queen died, which caused a problem").
In formal Farsi, to refer back to a whole clause, use که این امر (literally "that this matter"). It links a complete event to its consequences.
| matter / fact | امرamr |
You will frequently see که این امر followed by verbs of causation, such as باعث شدن or موجب شدن (to cause / to result in).
| to cause / to result in | موجب شدنmujeb shodan |
| The queen died, which caused the colony to perish. | ملکه مرد، که این امر باعث شد کلنی تلف شود.malake mord, ke in amr bâ'es shod koloni talaf shavad. |
| The provoked bees attacked, which delayed the operation. | زنبورهای تحریکشده هجوم آوردند، که این امر عملیات را عقب انداخت.zanbur-hâ-ye tahrik-shode hojum âvardand, ke in amr amaliyât râ aghab andâkht. |
This structure works perfectly across different tenses to describe chain reactions and outcomes:
| A chain reaction happened, which caused an increase in the colony's temperature. | یک واکنش زنجیرهای اتفاق افتاد، که این امر باعث افزایش دمای کلنی شد.yek vâkonesh zanjire-i ettefâq oftâd, ke in amr bâ'es-e afzâyesh-e damâ-ye koloni shod. |
| The beekeeper calms the bees with smoke, which prevents a chain reaction. | زنبوردار زنبورها را با دود آرام میکند، که این امر از واکنش زنجیرهای جلوگیری میکند.zanburdâr zanburhâ râ bâ dud ârâm mikonad, ke in amr az vâkonesh zanjire-yi jelogiri mikonad. |
| The bees were stinging the queen, which caused a chain reaction. | زنبورها داشتند ملکه را نیش میزدند، که این امر موجب واکنش زنجیرهای شد.zanbur-hâ dâshtand malake râ nish mizadand, ke in amr mojeb vâkonesh zanjire-yi shod. |
Direct Causation
If the cause is a simple noun phrase (like "the lack of nectar" or "the bears' attack") rather than a full independent clause, you do not need که این امر. Just use a causation verb directly.
| The lack of nectar caused the bees to perish. | کمبود شهد موجب شد که زنبورها تلف شوند.kambud-e shahd mojeb shod ke zanburhâ talaf shavand. |
| The bears' attack on the hive caused a disaster. | هجوم خرسها به کندو موجب فاجعه شد.hojum-e khers-hâ be kandu mujeb-e fâje'e shod. |
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