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### Referring to a Whole Clause with که این امر

In English, we use "which" to refer back to an entire preceding situation (e.g., "The queen died, which caused a problem").

In formal Farsi, to refer back to a whole clause, use **که این امر** (literally "that this matter"). It links a complete event to its consequences.

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You will frequently see **که این امر** followed by verbs of causation, such as **باعث شدن** or **موجب شدن** (to cause / to result in).

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This structure works perfectly across different tenses to describe chain reactions and outcomes:

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### Direct Causation

If the cause is a simple noun phrase (like "the lack of nectar" or "the bears' attack") rather than a full independent clause, you do not need **که این امر**. Just use a causation verb directly.

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Sentential relative clauses (ke in amr)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
matter / fact	امرamr
colony	کلنیkoloni
to perish / to die (especially animals)	تلف شدنtalaf shodan
The queen died, which caused the colony to perish.	ملکه مرد، که این امر باعث شد کلنی تلف شود.malake mord, ke in amr bâ'es shod koloni talaf shavad.
to be provoked / to be stimulated	تحریک شدنtahrik shodan
invasion / rush	هجومhojum
The provoked bees attacked, which delayed the operation.	زنبورهای تحریک‌شده هجوم آوردند، که این امر عملیات را عقب انداخت.zanbur-hâ-ye tahrik-shode hojum âvardand, ke in amr amaliyât râ aghab andâkht.
nectar	شهدshahd
pollen	گردهgorde
How much nectar and pollen does each colony need?	هر کلنی به چقدر شهد و گرده نیاز دارد؟har koloni be cheqadr shahd o gorde niâz dârad?
to cause / to result in	موجب شدنmujeb shodan
The lack of nectar caused the bees to perish.	کمبود شهد موجب شد که زنبورها تلف شوند.kambud-e shahd mojeb shod ke zanburhâ talaf shavand.
reproduction / multiplication	تکثیرtaksir
Are the bees provoked during reproduction?	آیا زنبورها هنگام تکثیر تحریک می‌شوند؟âyâ zanburhâ hengâme taksir tahrik mishavand?
The beekeeper got sick, which caused the bees to perish.	زنبوردار مریض شد، که این امر باعث شد زنبورها تلف شوند.zanbourdâr mariz shod, ke in amr bâ'es shod zanbourhâ talaf shavand.
Pollen is considered an important factor for reproduction.	گرده یک عامل مهم برای تکثیر محسوب می‌شود.gorde yek âmel-e mohem barâye taksir mahsub mishavad.
The bears' attack on the hive caused a disaster.	هجوم خرس‌ها به کندو موجب فاجعه شد.hojum-e khers-hâ be kandu mujeb-e fâje'e shod.
The queen died, which caused the destruction of the hive.	ملکه مرد، که این امر موجب نابودی کندو شد.malekeh mord, ke in amr mujeb-e nâbudi-ye kandu shod.
chain (adjective), chain-like	زنجیره‌ایzanjire-i
A chain reaction happened, which caused an increase in the colony's temperature.	یک واکنش زنجیره‌ای اتفاق افتاد، که این امر باعث افزایش دمای کلنی شد.yek vâkonesh zanjire-i ettefâq oftâd, ke in amr bâ'es-e afzâyesh-e damâ-ye koloni shod.
to calm / to soothe	آرام کردنârâm kardan
The beekeeper calms the bees with smoke, which prevents a chain reaction.	زنبوردار زنبورها را با دود آرام می‌کند، که این امر از واکنش زنجیره‌ای جلوگیری می‌کند.zanburdâr zanburhâ râ bâ dud ârâm mikonad, ke in amr az vâkonesh zanjire-yi jelogiri mikonad.
The bees were stinging the queen, which caused a chain reaction.	زنبورها داشتند ملکه را نیش می‌زدند، که این امر موجب واکنش زنجیره‌ای شد.zanbur-hâ dâshtand malake râ nish mizadand, ke in amr mojeb vâkonesh zanjire-yi shod.
The beekeeper calmed the bees with smoke, which caused calmness.	زنبوردار زنبورها را با دود آرام کرد، که این امر باعث آرامش شد.zanbourdâr zanbourhâ râ bâ dud ârâm kard, ke in amr bâ'es ârâmesh shod.