دماسنج دمای مثبتی را نشان می‌داد، حال آنکه آب داخل شکاف یخ‌زده بود.

Questions & Answers about دماسنج دمای مثبتی را نشان می‌داد، حال آنکه آب داخل شکاف یخ‌زده بود.

How is hâl ânke different from simply using amâ (but) or dar hâli ke (while) in this sentence?
hâl ânke is a formal conjunction that strongly highlights a contradiction, irony, or stark contrast between two facts, translating best to "whereas" or "while in fact." While amâ just means "but," hâl ânke emphasizes that the freezing water makes the positive temperature reading surprising. It links two independent clauses and is more literary than dar hâli ke.
Why do we see the specific object marker râ right after the indefinite suffix -i in damâ-ye mosbati râ?
While it seems contradictory, using -i (a) and (specific object marker) together is common in Farsi to mean "a certain [thing]." The thermometer wasn't showing just "any" temperature in general; it was showing a specific reading that happened to be positive. Adding clearly marks this specific reading as the direct object of neshân mi-dâd (was showing).
What is the literal breakdown of the word damâsanj (thermometer)?
It combines damâ (temperature) with sanj, which is the present stem of sanjidan (to measure, weigh, or evaluate). Creating an instrument's name by adding a present stem to a noun is a very common and productive pattern in Farsi, literally meaning "temperature-measurer."
In the second clause, is yakh-zade bud an action in the past perfect ("had frozen") or a description ("was frozen")?
It effectively functions as both! Grammatically, it is the past perfect tense of the compound verb yakh zadan (to freeze), meaning "had frozen." However, because the past participle yakh-zade also acts as a descriptive adjective (frozen), you can naturally translate it as a state: "was frozen." Either way, it highlights that the water was already solid when the thermometer was showing its contradictory reading.

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