Breakdown of از سال گذشته به بعد، برادرشان پارهوقت در یک شرکت کار میکند.
برادرbarâdar
brother
یکyek
one / a, an
درdar
in
بهbe
to
ازaz
from
شرکتsherkat
company
سالsâl
year
گذشتهgozashte
past / last
کار کردنkâr kardan
to work
بعدba'd
then, afterwards
پارهوقتpâre-vaght
part-time
Questions & Answers about از سال گذشته به بعد، برادرشان پارهوقت در یک شرکت کار میکند.
How does the structure az ... be ba'd work here to mean 'from ... onwards'?
The phrase acts as a frame around the time marker. The preposition az marks the starting point, and be ba'd literally means 'to after'. Together they indicate that an action started at that time and continues with lasting relevance into the present. Here, sāl-e gozashteh (last year) is placed inside to form 'from last year onwards'.
Why does the sentence use the present tense kār mikonad if the action started last year?
In English, you would naturally use the present perfect continuous ('has been working') for a past action that is still happening. Farsi handles this much more simply: because the brother is still working at the company right now, the simple present continuous tense kār mikonad is used. The time phrase az sāl-e gozashteh be ba'd is enough to show when it began.
How is the word pāreh-vaght (part-time) constructed?
It is a compound word combining pāreh (meaning piece, part, or portion) and vaght (time). In this sentence, it functions as an adverb describing how he works, but you will also see it used as an adjective, such as in kār-e pāreh-vaght (part-time work). The opposite word, full-time, is tamām-vaght.
Could I say barādar-e ānhā instead of using the suffix in barādar-eshān?
Yes, both mean 'their brother'. Using the attached possessive suffix -eshān is extremely common in both spoken and written Farsi. Using the independent pronoun ānhā linked with an ezafe (barādar-e ānhā) is also perfectly correct but can sound slightly more formal or be used when you want to put special emphasis on the word 'their'.
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