آیا آن ماشین کلاسیک تودوزی تعویض‌شده دارد؟

Questions & Answers about آیا آن ماشین کلاسیک تودوزی تعویض‌شده دارد؟

How is the compound participle تعویض‌شده formed from its base verb?
It comes from the compound verb تعویض کردن (to replace). First, we make it passive by changing کردن to شدن, giving us تعویض شدن (to be replaced). Then, we take the past participle form of this passive verb, resulting in تعویض‌شده (replaced).
Is there an ezafe linking تودوزی and تعویض‌شده?
Yes! Because تعویض‌شده is acting as a direct attributive adjective for تودوزی (upholstery), they are linked by the ezafe. Since تودوزی ends in the vowel "i", the ezafe takes the "ye" sound: تودوزیِ تعویض‌شده (tuduzi-ye ta'viz-shode).
How would this sentence look if we used a full relative clause instead of the reduced attributive form?
To use a full clause, you would add an indefinite "i" to the noun, bring in که (that/which), and use a conjugated passive verb. It would look like this: آیا آن ماشین کلاسیک تودوزی‌ای دارد که تعویض شده است؟ (Does that classic car have upholstery that has been replaced?). Using تعویض‌شده directly as an adjective sounds much more natural and concise here.
How does the word تودوزی logically translate to "upholstery"?
It is a descriptive compound noun made of تو (inside) and دوزی (sewing or stitching, derived from the verb دوختن). It literally means "inside-sewing," which perfectly describes the stitched fabric interior of a vehicle.

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