Breakdown of همهی کافههای تمیز باید مجوز بهداشتی داشته باشند.
تمیزtamiz
clean
داشتنdâshtan
to have
بایدbâyad
must
همهhame
all, everyone
کافهkâfe
cafe
بهداشتیbehdâshti
sanitary / hygienic
مجوزmojavvez
permit / license
Questions & Answers about همهی کافههای تمیز باید مجوز بهداشتی داشته باشند.
Why does this sentence use hame-ye kāfe-hā instead of har kāfe?
This highlights the core difference between "all" and "every". To say "all of the clean cafes", we use hame followed by the Ezafe (-ye) and a plural noun (kāfe-hā). If we wanted to say "every clean cafe", we would use har with a singular noun and no Ezafe: har kāfe-ye tamizi.
I see two -ye sounds in hame-ye kāfe-hā-ye tamiz. What are they doing?
These are Ezafe particles linking the phrase together. The first -ye links hame (all) to the noun kāfe-hā (cafes). The second -ye links the noun to its adjective, tamiz (clean). Because both hame and kāfe-hā end in vowel sounds, the Ezafe takes the form of -ye instead of just -e.
Why is the verb at the end dāshte bāshand and not a regular present tense form like dārand?
The word bāyad (must) forces the next verb into the subjunctive mood. While most verbs get a be- prefix in the subjunctive, the verb dāshtan (to have) is an exception. It forms its subjunctive using dāshte plus the present stems of the verb "to be". Since the cafes are plural, it takes the "they" ending and becomes dāshte bāshand.
How is the word behdāshti formed in mojavez-e behdāshti?
It is formed by adding the suffix -i to the noun behdāsht (health or hygiene). This is a very common way to turn a noun into an adjective in Farsi. So mojavez-e behdāshti translates to a "health-related permit" or "sanitary permit".
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