Breakdown of آسیا بزرگترین قاره است و یکی از قدیمیترین تمدنها را دارد.
است
is
و
and
بزرگbozorg
big / large
ازaz
from
Questions & Answers about آسیا بزرگترین قاره است و یکی از قدیمیترین تمدنها را دارد.
How does the 'one of the...' structure work in یکی از قدیمیترین تمدنها?
This translates to 'one of the oldest civilizations.' The structure is یکی از (one of) + a superlative adjective like قدیمیترین (oldest) + a plural noun like تمدنها (civilizations). Just like in English, the noun must be plural because you are selecting a single item out of a larger group of top items.
Why is the direct object marker را placed after تمدنها?
The word را marks the definite direct object of the verb دارد (has). It attaches to the end of the entire noun phrase that makes up the object. Here, the whole phrase یکی از قدیمیترین تمدنها (one of the oldest civilizations) is the object receiving the action, so را comes right at the end of that complete block.
In بزرگترین قاره (the largest continent), why doesn't the adjective come after the noun with an ezafe?
Regular adjectives usually follow the noun and are connected by an ezafe (like قاره بزرگ for 'a large continent'). However, superlative adjectives ending in -ترین (-tarin), such as بزرگترین (largest), are an exception. They are placed directly before the noun they modify, and no ezafe is used.
Why is قاره (continent) singular but تمدنها (civilizations) plural when both follow superlative adjectives in this sentence?
When you use a superlative directly to describe a single supreme item, the noun is singular, as in (the largest continent). But when you use the (one of) construction, the noun must be plural, as in (oldest civilizations), because you are referring to a group of multiple ancient civilizations and singling out one of them.