Learn Farsi: سرآشپز باید ماهی‌تابه‌ی کثیف را در فر جا گذاشته باشد. - The chef must have left the dirty frying pan in the oven.

To make a logical deduction about the past (meaning someone must have done something), Farsi uses bâyad followed by the Present Perfect Subjunctive. Here, we see the past participle jâ gozâshte (left behind) combined with bâshad (the present subjunctive of the verb to be for the third person singular). If it were present tense meaning must leave, it would just use the simple present subjunctive: bâyad jâ begozârad.

What is the literal breakdown of the word for chef, sar-âshpaz?

It is a compound word made of sar (head) and âshpaz (cook). So literally, it means the head cook.

Why is there a -ye sound in mâhi-tâbe-ye kasif?

This is the Ezafe linking the noun mâhi-tâbe (frying pan) to its adjective kasif (dirty). Because mâhi-tâbe ends in a silent heh which acts as a vowel, the Ezafe adds a y sound to bridge the gap between the two vowels, creating -ye.

What is the difference between gozâshtan and jâ gozâshtan?

While the simple verb gozâshtan means to put or to place, the compound verb jâ gozâshtan specifically means to leave something behind or to forget it somewhere. The word jâ on its own means place or space.