Breakdown of کاهش بودجهی زیرساخت به شهروندان اعلام خواهد شد.
بهbe
to
خواستنkhâstan
to want / to ask (request from someone)
شدنshodan
to become
اعلام کردنe'lâm kardan
to announce
بودجهbudje
budget
شهروندshahrvand
citizen
کاهشkâhesh
reduction
زیرساختzirsâkht
infrastructure
Questions & Answers about کاهش بودجهی زیرساخت به شهروندان اعلام خواهد شد.
The lesson says the future passive uses a past participle, but where is the past participle in e'lâm khâhad shod?
e'lâm kardan (to announce) is a compound verb made of a noun (e'lâm) plus kardan. To make compound verbs passive, you simply swap kardan (to do or make) with shodan (to become). The passive infinitive is e'lâm shodan (to be announced). To make it future tense, you use the future form of shodan, giving us e'lâm khâhad shod (it will be announced).
Why does budje (budget) have a ی added to it in budje-ye zirsâkht?
This is the ezâfe linking budje (budget) to zirsâkht (infrastructure). Because budje (بودجه) ends in a silent ه (which represents an 'e' sound), the ezâfe needs a consonant to link smoothly. In written Farsi, this is shown by adding the letter ی (y), making it budje-ye.
Why is the plural of citizen written as shahrvandân instead of shahrvand-hâ?
The suffix -ân (ان) is used to make plural forms for animate nouns, especially people. While -hâ (ها) is completely fine to use in everyday speech, using -ân sounds more formal and professional, which perfectly fits a news-like sentence about government budgets and infrastructure.
Why does be shahrvandân (to the citizens) come right before the verb instead of after it?
Standard Farsi word order is Subject + Object + Verb. The long subject is kâhesh-e budje-ye zirsâkht (The decrease in the infrastructure budget), followed by the indirect object be shahrvandân (to the citizens), and ending with the verb. Prepositions like be and their nouns usually sit right before the verb in Farsi.
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