Breakdown of نقاشها لولهها را ندیدهاند، چون اتاق تاریک است.
است
is
اتاق
room
دیدنdidan
to see / to watch
راrâ
definite direct object marker
Questions & Answers about نقاشها لولهها را ندیدهاند، چون اتاق تاریک است.
How is the negative present perfect verb ندیدهاند formed here?
It is built from three parts: the negative prefix نـ (na-), the past participle دیده (dideh, meaning seen), and the short personal ending اند (and, meaning they are). Put together, ندیدهاند translates to they have not seen.
Why do we need the word را after لولهها?
The word را (ra) is used to mark a specific direct object. Because the sentence says the painters haven't seen the specific pipes (rather than just pipes in general), we must put را directly after لولهها (looleh-ha).
Why isn't the main verb ندیدهاند at the very end of the sentence?
Farsi usually places verbs at the end, but this sentence has two separate clauses connected by the conjunction چون (chon, meaning because). Each clause gets its own verb at its end: ندیدهاند finishes the first clause, and است (ast) finishes the second clause.
How do the nouns in this sentence become plural?
Both painters and pipes use the regular plural suffix ـها (ha). نقاش (naghghash) becomes نقاشها (naghghash-ha), and لوله (looleh) becomes لولهها (looleh-ha). Notice that the suffix is simply attached to the end of the singular words.