Breakdown of هر کارگر باید خاک را با جارو جمع کند.
باbâ
with
هرhar
every
راrâ
definite direct object marker
بایدbâyad
must
کارگرkârgar
worker
جمع کردنjam' kardan
to gather (transitive)
خاکkhâk
dust / clay / soil
جاروjâru
broom
Questions & Answers about هر کارگر باید خاک را با جارو جمع کند.
Since we are learning about past participles, what is the past participle of the verb جمع کند in this sentence?
The infinitive of this compound verb is جمع کردن (to gather). To form the past participle, we take the past stem (جمع کرد) and add the -e suffix (written as a silent 'heh'). So, the past participle is جمع کرده (gathered).
Why is the verb written as جمع کند instead of a regular present tense form?
Because of the word باید (must) earlier in the sentence. In Farsi, verbs following باید must be in the present subjunctive form. Since کارگر (worker) is a singular third person, we use the subjunctive ending -ad.
Why doesn't the subjunctive verb جمع کند have the usual be- prefix?
With compound verbs like جمع کردن, the be- prefix is almost always dropped in the subjunctive mood. It sounds much more natural to native speakers to say جمع کند rather than جمع بکند.
Why do we need the word را after خاک (dust)?
The word را marks a specific, definite direct object. The worker isn't just gathering dust in general, but specifically "the dust" (perhaps on a specific floor or from a specific project), so it requires the را marker.
Does هر کارگر take a singular or plural verb?
Just like "each worker" or "every worker" in English, هر (each/every) is followed by a singular noun (کارگر) and takes a singular verb (جمع کند), even though the sentence applies to multiple people.
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