Learn Farsi: خودت را با دیگران مقایسه نکن.

The word khod means "self". To specify whose self, we attach a possessive ending—here, -at for "your" (singular), making khodat. Because "yourself" is the specific receiver of the action (the direct object), it must be followed by the object marker râ.

Why does the word for "others" (digarân) end in -ân?

digar means "other" or "another". The -ân ending is a plural marker in Farsi that is primarily used for human beings and living things. So digarân translates to "other people" or "others".

What kind of verb is moghâyese nakon and how is the command formed?

This is a compound verb made of the noun moghâyese (comparison) and the verb kardan (to do or to make). To give a negative command ("do not do"), Farsi attaches the negative prefix na- to the present stem of kardan, which is kon. That gives us nakon.

Can I use a different preposition instead of bâ to say "compare to"?

No, while English lets you compare something "to" or "with" someone else, Farsi specifically requires the preposition bâ (with) for this verb.