Learn Farsi: دکتر جوان و باهوش است.

In formal Persian, و is pronounced va. However, in everyday spoken Persian, it is usually pronounced as o. So, instead of javân va bâhush, you will often hear javân-o bâhush.

Why isn't there an ezafe (the short "e" sound) connecting doktor and javân?

We only use the ezafe when an adjective directly attaches to a noun, like if we were saying "the young doctor" (doktor-e javân). In this sentence, "young and smart" is what the doctor is, so the verb ast (is) links them instead of an ezafe.

Why do both adjectives come right before the verb ast?

Farsi is a Subject-Object-Verb language, meaning the verb almost always goes at the very end of the sentence. Since ast is the verb meaning "is", the adjectives describing the doctor (javân va bâhush) must go before it.

What are the two parts of the word bâhush (smart)?

The word bâhush is made of the preposition bâ, which means "with", and the noun hush, which means "intelligence" or "sense". So, being smart in Farsi literally means being "with intelligence".