Spatial Prepositions and the Ezafe
In Farsi, spatial prepositions describe where objects are in relation to each other. These positional words must be connected to the following noun using the Ezafe particle, just like when linking a noun to an adjective.
"On" (روی) and "Under" (زیر)
Use روی for "on" and زیر for "under". When a base preposition ends in a vowel (like رو), it takes an explicit ی for the Ezafe.
| The black cat is on the sofa. | گربهی سیاه روی مبل است.gorbe-ye siyâh ruye mobl ast. |
| The big dog is under the tree. | سگ بزرگ زیر درخت است.sag-e bozorg zir-e derakht ast. |
"Next to" (کنار) and "With" (پیش)
Use کنار for things that are "beside" or "next to" each other, and پیش for being "with" or "near" someone.
| My cat is beside the big sofa. | گربهی من کنار مبل بزرگ است.gorbe-ye man kenâr-e mobl-e bozorg ast. |
| My brother is with the doctor. | برادرم پیش دکتر است.barâdaram pish-e doktor ast. |
"Behind" (پشت) and "In front of" (جلو)
Use پشت for "behind" and جلو for "in front of". Because جلو ends in a vowel, it also takes a visible ی for the Ezafe (جلوی).
| The beautiful car is behind the house. | ماشین زیبا پشت خانه است.mâshin-e zibâ posht-e khâne ast. |
| The dog is in front of the house's window. | سگ جلوی پنجرهی خانه است.sag jelo-ye panjere-ye khâne ast. |
"Inside" (داخل)
Use داخل to express that something is "inside" an enclosed space.
| Is the vase inside the small room? | آیا گلدان داخل اتاق کوچک است؟âyâ goldân dâkhel-e otâq-e kuchak ast? |
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