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### The Formal Plural Suffix -ین

In Farsi, you are already familiar with standard plural suffixes like **ها** and **ان**. In formal written Farsi—such as official notices, news reports, and announcements—you will frequently see the plural suffix **ین**.

This suffix is borrowed from Arabic and is applied exclusively to Arabic loanwords referring to people (animate nouns). Because **ین** is highly formal, words using it are usually surrounded by formal verbs and polite vocabulary.

- **حاضر** (attendee) becomes **حاضرین** (attendees)
- **متخلف** (violator) becomes **متخلفین** (violators)

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### Official Notices

You will often encounter this plural form in public service announcements and official settings, particularly when addressing a group like **مراجعین** (clients/visitors). In these contexts, you will frequently see formal adjectives like **گرامی** (esteemed/dear) and verbs like **خودداری کردن** (to refrain).

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### News and Reports

This suffix is heavily used in journalism and official reports to group people by their roles or current states, such as **مجروحین** (the injured), **ناظرین** (the observers), **معترضین** (the protesters), and **مخاطبین** (the audience).

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Formal animate plurals (-in)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
to request (formally)	تقاضا کردنtaqâzâ kardan
We request the respected attendees to observe silence.	از حاضرین محترم تقاضا می‌کنیم که سکوت را رعایت کنند.az hâzerin mohtaram taqâzâ mikonim ke sokut râ re'âyat konand.
violator / offender	متخلفmotekhallef
to gather (as a crowd)	تجمع کردنtajammo' kardan
The violators gathered in the street.	متخلفین در خیابان تجمع کردند.motekhallefin dar khiâbân tajammo' kardand.
The violators are taken to court.	متخلفین به دادگاه برده می‌شوند.motekhallefin be dâdgâh borde mishavand
client / visitor (seeking a service)	مراجعmoraaje'
The clients are waiting in the hall.	مراجعین در سالن منتظر هستند.morâje'in dar sâlon montazer hastand.
esteemed / dear	گرامیgerâmi
to refrain	خودداری کردنkhoddâri kardan
Dear clients, please refrain from gathering.	مراجعین گرامی، لطفاً از تجمع کردن خودداری کنید.moraaje'in geraami, lotfan az tajammo' kardan khoddaari konid.
injured person	مجروحmajruh
The injured are brought to the hospital.	مجروحین به بیمارستان آورده می‌شوند.majrouhin be bimârestân âvarde mishavand.
As soon as the injured arrive, they are admitted.	همین که مجروحین می‌رسند، پذیرفته می‌شوند.hamin ke majruhin miresand, pazirofte mishavand.
observer / supervisor	ناظرnâzer
The observers check the files.	ناظرین پرونده‌ها را بررسی می‌کنند.nâzerin parvande-hâ râ barresi mikonand.
If the observers arrive, we start the meeting.	اگر ناظرین برسند، جلسه را شروع می‌کنیم.agar nâzerin beresand, jalase râ shoru' mikonim.
Dear attendees, talking is prohibited.	حاضرین گرامی، حرف زدن ممنوع است.hâzerin-e gerâmi, harf zadan mamnoo' ast.
The manager requested the clients to refrain from gathering.	مدیر از مراجعین تقاضا کرد که از تجمع کردن خودداری کنند.modir az moraje'in taqâzâ kard ke az tajammo' kardan khoddâri konand.
protester	معترضmo'tarez
The protesters gathered in the square.	معترضین در میدان تجمع کردند.mo'tarezin dar meydân tajammo' kardand.
audience / addressee	مخاطبmokhâtab
This magazine is interesting for the audience.	این مجله برای مخاطبین جالب است.in majalle barâye mokhâtabin jâleb ast.
The audience is upset that the concert is delayed.	مخاطبین از اینکه کنسرت تاخیر دارد ناراحت هستند.mokhâtabin az inke konsert ta'khir dârad nârâhat hastand.
The protesters gather in the square today.	معترضین امروز در میدان تجمع می‌کنند.mo'tarezin emruz dar meydân tajammo' mikonand.