Word
Ik heb het inkomen ontvangen en het bedrag betaald.
Meaning
I have received the income and paid the amount.
Part of speech
sentence
Pronunciation
Course
Questions & Answers about Ik heb het inkomen ontvangen en het bedrag betaald.
Why don't the past participles ontvangen and betaald start with ge-?
Normally, a past participle gets a ge- added to the front. However, if a verb starts with an unstressed prefix like ont- (in ontvangen) or be- (in betalen), it is an inseparable verb and skips the ge- entirely.
Wait, isn't ontvangen the infinitive (dictionary form)? Why does the past participle look exactly the same?
Ontvangen (to receive) is a strong verb based on vangen (to catch). The past participle of vangen is gevangen. Because we have to drop the ge- due to the ont- prefix, we are left with just ontvangen. It just happens to look identical to the infinitive!
Why does betaald end with a -d instead of a -t?
To find out if a regular past participle ends in a -d or -t, we use the 't kofschip rule. The stem of betalen is betaal. Since the final letter l is not in the word 't kofschip, the past participle gets a -d.
Why isn't the helping verb repeated in the second half, like "en heb het bedrag betaald"?
Just like in English ("I have received... and paid..."), you do not need to repeat the helping verb heb after en (and) when both actions share the exact same subject and helping verb.