Learn Dutch: Hoeveel weken heeft een jaar? - How many weeks does a year have?

It means both! Unlike English, which has different words for countable things like weeks (how many) and uncountable things like water (how much), Dutch simply uses hoeveel for everything. It literally combines hoe (how) and veel (much/many).

Why isn't there a translation for the word does in this Dutch sentence?

English uses helper words like do or does to form questions, as in does a year have. Dutch doesn't do this. Instead, you just place the main verb before the subject. So does a year have simply becomes heeft een jaar (has a year).

What is the word order when using hoeveel here?

When you ask how many of something, the question word and the noun stay glued together at the front of the sentence: Hoeveel weken (How many weeks). Right after that entire chunk comes the verb heeft (has), followed by the subject een jaar (a year).

Why is the plural weken spelled with only one e, when the singular word is week?

This is a classic Dutch spelling rule! When you add -en to make the plural, the word splits into syllables: we-ken. Because the first syllable now ends in a vowel, that single e naturally makes a long sound. The second e from week is dropped because it is no longer needed to stretch the sound out.