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While most Dutch verbs use *hebben* (to have) to form the present perfect tense, a specific group of verbs requires the auxiliary verb **zijn** (to be). You will use *zijn* instead of *hebben* when the verb describes a **change of state** or a **change of location**.

### Change of State Verbs

Verbs that describe something changing from one condition to another use *zijn*. Common examples include *verhuizen* (to move), *worden* (to become), and *gebeuren* (to happen). 

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### Verbs of Motion and Travel

Verbs that describe moving from one place to another also take *zijn*. This includes verbs like *gaan* (to go), *vliegen* (to fly), *rennen* (to run), and *lopen* (to walk). 

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### Word Order Reminder

The sentence structure is exactly the same as when you use *hebben*. The conjugated auxiliary (*zijn*) takes the second position, and the past participle is pushed to the very **end** of the sentence. 

This applies to all verbs in this category, including other change-of-state verbs you will encounter, such as *verdwijnen* (to disappear), *groeien* (to grow), and *beginnen* (to start).

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The present perfect tense with motion verbs (zijn gegaan)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

determiner/pronoun

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and 'to be' (ik ben, hij is)

The formal 'you' (u bent)

Definite articles (de, het)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (wij zijn)

The verb 'to have' (hebben)

Basic word order

Numbers 1 to 10 (een, twee, drie)

Verb stems and the 'I' form (ik werk)

Long vowels in verb stems (maken, ik maak)

Short vowels in verb stems (zitten, ik zit)

Present tense singular (-t)

Present tense plural (-en)

Yes/no questions

Question words (wie, wat, waar)

Noun negation (geen)

Plural nouns (-en)

Plural nouns (-s)

Diminutives (-je)

Adjective modifiers (heel, erg, te)

Verb negation (niet)

Singular possessives (mijn, jouw, zijn, haar)

Plural and formal possessives (ons/onze, jullie, hun, uw)

This and these (deze, dit)

That and those (die, dat)

Asking which (welke, welk)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elf, twaalf, dertien...)

Tens and compound numbers (dertig, veertig...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (eerste, tweede...)

Telling time: hours and half hours (uur, half)

Telling time: quarters (kwart over, kwart voor)

Question words (hoeveel, waarom)

Irregular verbs (doen, gaan, staan, zien, komen)

Adjective endings (+e)

Adjectives with 'het' words

Prepositions of place (uit, bij)

Subject-verb inversion

Time before place

Modal verbs (willen, kunnen)

Modal verbs (moeten, mogen)

The verb bracket

Separable prefix verbs

The imperative mood (kom, luister)

Singular object pronouns (mij, jou, hem, haar)

Plural and formal object pronouns (ons, jullie, hen, u)

Reflexive verbs and pronouns (zich, me, je)

Position of negation (niet)

The present perfect tense with regular verbs (hebben gewerkt)

Irregular past participles (gezien, gedaan)

The present continuous (zijn aan het)

There is / there are (er is, er zijn)

Unstressed there (er)

And, but, or (en, maar, of)

Because (want)

Months of the year

Prepositions of time (om, van ... tot)

Greetings and politeness

Conversational glue

Prepositions with days (op)

Prepositions with seasons (in)

Genitive of time ('s morgens, 's nachts)

Adverbs of frequency (altijd, vaak)

The future tense (gaan)

The future tense (zullen)

Separable verbs with auxiliary verbs

Apostrophe plurals ('-s)

Irregular plurals (-eren)

Complex diminutives (-pje, -etje, -kje)

Possessive 's (Jan's, vaders)

Indefinite pronouns (iets, niemand, alles)

Indefinite subject pronoun (je)

Reciprocal pronoun (elkaar)

Comparative adjectives (-er dan)

Comparatives with spelling change (-der)

Superlative adjectives (-st)

Irregular comparisons (beter, meer, minder)

Expressing preference (graag, liever, het liefst)

Equality comparisons (even ... als)

Fixed prepositions

That clauses (dat)

Because clauses (omdat)

If and when clauses (als)

Inversion after clauses

Separable verbs in clauses

Negation in clauses (niet)

Past tense of to be (was / waren)

Past tense of to have (had / hadden)

Past tense of modal verbs (wilde, kon, moest, mocht)

Question	Answer
to move (house)	verhuizen
We have moved to the city.	We zijn naar de stad verhuisd.
Did you move yesterday?	Ben je gisteren verhuisd?
to become	worden
My brother has become big.	Mijn broer is groot geworden.
The dog has become old.	De hond is oud geworden.
to happen	gebeuren
That happened yesterday.	Dat is gisteren gebeurd.
When did that happen?	Wanneer is dat gebeurd?
the airplane	het vliegtuig
We went by airplane.	We zijn met het vliegtuig gegaan.
Yesterday the airplane left.	Gisteren is het vliegtuig vertrokken.
to fly	vliegen
The bird has flown to the tree.	De vogel is naar de boom gevlogen.
far	ver
to run	rennen
The boy has run very far.	De jongen is heel ver gerend.
Why did you run to the store?	Waarom ben je naar de winkel gerend?
We walked to the city today.	We zijn vandaag naar de stad gelopen.
to disappear	verdwijnen
The cat disappeared immediately.	De kat is meteen verdwenen.
My key has disappeared.	Mijn sleutel is verdwenen.
to grow	groeien
The tree has grown fast.	De boom is snel gegroeid.
Our plant has grown.	Onze plant is gegroeid.
the journey / the trip	de reis
The journey started yesterday.	De reis is gisteren begonnen.
The journey ended today.	De reis is vandaag geëindigd.
We have flown far today.	We zijn vandaag ver gevlogen.
the airport	het vliegveld
The plane has flown to the airport.	Het vliegtuig is naar het vliegveld gevlogen.
We have travelled to the airport.	Wij zijn naar het vliegveld gereisd.
The airport is far away.	Het vliegveld is ver.