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While many Dutch words just take **-je** to form a diminutive, others require **-kje**, **-etje**, **-pje**, or **-tje** depending on their final sounds.

### The Suffix -kje

When a noun with more than one syllable ends in an unstressed **-ing** (like **ketting**), drop the final **g** and add **-kje**.

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### The Suffix -etje

The ending **-etje** is used for short, one-syllable nouns ending in **-ng**. Unlike longer words, the **g** is not dropped.

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You also use **-etje** when a word ends in a single consonant following a short vowel. To keep the short vowel sound intact, double the final consonant before adding the suffix.

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### The Suffix -pje

When a noun ends in **-m** preceded by a long vowel, a diphthong, or another consonant, add **-pje** to create the diminutive.

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*Note: There are a few common exceptions. For example, some nouns ending in **-m**, like **bloem** (flower), take **-etje** instead of **-pje**.*

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### The Suffix -tje

Nouns that end in a vowel, or in **-l**, **-n**, **-r**, or **-w** preceded by a long vowel or an unstressed syllable, usually take **-tje** (such as **tafel** becoming **tafeltje**).

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Complex diminutives (-pje, -etje, -kje)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

determiner/pronoun

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (de, het)

Indefinite article and formal 'you' (een, u)

Big and small (groot, klein)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (wij zijn)

The verb 'to have' (hebben)

Basic word order

Numbers 1 to 10 (een, twee, drie)

Verb stems and the 'I' form (ik werk)

Long vowels in verb stems (maken, ik maak)

Short vowels in verb stems (zitten, ik zit)

Present tense singular (-t)

Present tense plural (-en)

Yes/no questions

Question words (wie, wat, waar)

Noun negation (geen)

Plural nouns (-en)

Plural nouns (-s)

Diminutives (-je)

Adjective modifiers (heel, erg, te)

Verb negation (niet)

Singular possessives (mijn, jouw, zijn, haar)

Plural and formal possessives (ons/onze, jullie, hun, uw)

This and these (deze, dit)

That and those (die, dat)

Asking which (welke, welk)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elf, twaalf, dertien...)

Tens and compound numbers (dertig, veertig...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (eerste, tweede...)

Telling time: hours and half hours (uur, half)

Telling time: quarters (kwart over, kwart voor)

Question words (hoeveel, waarom)

Irregular verbs (doen, gaan, staan, zien, komen)

Adjective endings (+e)

Adjectives with 'het' words

Prepositions of place (uit, bij)

Subject-verb inversion

Time before place

Modal verbs (willen, kunnen)

Modal verbs (moeten, mogen)

The verb bracket

Separable prefix verbs

The imperative mood (kom, luister)

Singular object pronouns (mij, jou, hem, haar)

Plural and formal object pronouns (ons, jullie, hen, u)

Reflexive verbs and pronouns (zich, me, je)

Position of negation (niet)

The present perfect tense with regular verbs (hebben gewerkt)

The present perfect tense with motion verbs (zijn gegaan)

Irregular past participles (gezien, gedaan)

The present continuous (zijn aan het)

There is / there are (er is, er zijn)

Unstressed there (er)

And, but, or (en, maar, of)

Because (want)

Months of the year

Prepositions of time (om, van ... tot)

Greetings and politeness

Conversational glue

Prepositions with days (op)

Prepositions with seasons (in)

Genitive of time ('s morgens, 's nachts)

Adverbs of frequency (altijd, vaak)

The future tense (gaan)

The future tense (zullen)

Separable verbs with auxiliary verbs

Apostrophe plurals ('-s)

Irregular plurals (-eren)

Possessive 's (Jan's, vaders)

Indefinite pronouns (iets, niemand, alles)

Indefinite subject pronoun (je)

Reciprocal pronoun (elkaar)

Comparative adjectives (-er dan)

Comparatives with spelling change (-der)

Superlative adjectives (-st)

Irregular comparisons (beter, meer, minder)

Expressing preference (graag, liever, het liefst)

Equality comparisons (even ... als)

Fixed prepositions

That clauses (dat)

Because clauses (omdat)

If and when clauses (als)

Inversion after clauses

Separable verbs in clauses

Negation in clauses (niet)

Past tense of to be (was / waren)

Past tense of to have (had / hadden)

Past tense of modal verbs (wilde, kon, moest, mocht)

Question	Answer
cute	schattig
the necklace	de ketting
She is wearing a very cute little necklace.	Zij draagt een heel schattig kettinkje.
Your little necklace is beautiful, but very expensive.	Jouw kettinkje is mooi, maar erg duur.
the ring	de ring
I see a little ring on the table.	Ik zie een ringetje op de tafel.
He is buying a little ring in the city today.	Hij koopt vandaag in de stad een ringetje.
the star	de ster
I see one little star in the dark night.	Ik zie één sterretje in de donkere nacht.
That little star is very far away.	Dat sterretje is heel ver weg.
the belt	de riem
I am getting dressed and looking for my little belt.	Ik kleed me aan en zoek mijn riempje.
You must wear that little belt.	Je moet dat riempje dragen.
the pan	de pan
I cook the soup in a little pan.	Ik kook de soep in een pannetje.
Shall we cook in this little pan?	Zullen we in dit pannetje koken?
the ball	de bal
The child plays outside with a little ball.	Het kind speelt buiten met een balletje.
The dog is looking for that little red ball.	De hond zoekt dat rode balletje.
the thumb	de duim
The baby has a cute little thumb.	De baby heeft een schattig duimpje.
My little thumb is a bit blue.	Mijn duimpje is een beetje blauw.
the thing	het ding
What is this little thing?	Wat is dit dingetje?
Someone must repair this little thing quickly.	Iemand moet dit dingetje snel repareren.
May I close this little window, please?	Mag ik dit raampje sluiten, alstublieft?
He opens the little window for the cat.	Hij opent het raampje voor de kat.
That little flower is really beautiful.	Dat bloemetje is echt mooi.
This little tree is growing fast.	Dit boompje groeit snel.
the bill	de rekening
We are paying the small bill.	Wij betalen het rekeninkje.
The small bill lies on the small table.	Het rekeninkje ligt op het tafeltje.
the stuff, the gear	het spul
This stuff is new.	Dit spul is nieuw.
I am putting my things in the bag.	Ik pak mijn spullen in de tas.
Where is that stuff lying?	Waar ligt dat spul?