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### The relative pronoun 'koji' in the instrumental

As you know, the relative pronoun **koji** (who, which, that) agrees in gender and number with the noun it refers to, but its case depends on its role in the relative clause.

When describing the tool or means used to perform an action—like the keyboard you write with or the saw you cut with—the relative pronoun takes the instrumental case. When expressing a tool, we do not use a preposition in Croatian.

Here are the singular and plural instrumental forms:

| Gender | Instrumental Form |
|---|---|
| Masculine / Neuter | **kojim** |
| Feminine | **kojom** |
| Plural (All Genders) | **kojima** |

For feminine nouns, use **kojom**:

{{item:1079582}}

{{item:1079585}}

For masculine and neuter nouns, use **kojim**:

{{item:1079587}}

When referring to multiple items, the plural form **kojima** is used for all genders:

{{item:1079598}}

### The relative pronoun 'koji' in the dative

The dative case is used for the indirect object, usually the recipient of an action. When you talk about the person you are sending a document to, giving a gift to, or helping, the relative clause requires the dative case.

Here are the dative forms. Notice that the plural form is exactly the same as the instrumental plural!

| Gender | Dative Form |
|---|---|
| Masculine / Neuter | **kojem** |
| Feminine | **kojoj** |
| Plural (All Genders) | **kojima** |

For masculine and neuter nouns, use **kojem**:

{{item:1079601}}

{{item:1079603}}

For feminine nouns, the dative form is **kojoj**:

{{item:1079606}}

{{item:1079608}}

And for plural nouns of any gender, use **kojima**:

{{item:1079609}}

The relative pronoun in the dative and instrumental (kojem, kojim)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
keyboard	tipkovnica
Although it's old, that's the keyboard I'm writing a book with.	Iako je stara, to je tipkovnica kojom pišem knjigu.
I won't buy a new keyboard that is hard to work with.	Neću kupiti novu tipkovnicu kojom je teško raditi.
needle	igla
This is the needle I'll fix the coat with.	Ovo je igla kojom ću popraviti kaput.
thread	konac
I need a strong thread I can fix the bag with.	Treba mi jak konac kojim mogu popraviti torbu.
I won't use the needle and thread I fixed the jacket with.	Neću koristiti iglu i konac kojima sam popravio jaknu.
brush	četka
That is the brush I clean my car with every day.	To je četka kojom svakodnevno čistim svoj automobil.
This isn't the brush we wash the dishes with in the kitchen.	Ovo nije četka kojom peremo posuđe u kuhinji.
cloth	krpa
This is a clean cloth I wipe the table with.	Ovo je čista krpa kojom brišem stol.
I don't know where the cloth I wiped the dust with yesterday is.	Ne znam gdje je krpa kojom sam jučer brisao prašinu.
shovel	lopata
My hands are dirty from the shovel I work with.	Ruke su mi prljave od lopate kojom radim.
saw	pila
A shovel and a saw are tools a worker builds a house with.	Lopata i pila su alati kojima radnik gradi kuću.
Today I'll buy a new saw that I'll cut wood with.	Danas ću kupiti novu pilu kojom ću rezati drvo.
coworker	suradnik
That is the coworker to whom I sent the document yesterday.	To je suradnik kojem sam jučer poslao dokument.
assistant	pomoćnik
This is the new assistant the coworker will explain the task to.	Ovo je novi pomoćnik kojem će suradnik objasniti zadatak.
My sister knows that assistant you must give the bill to.	Sestra mi poznaje tog pomoćnika kojem moraš dati račun.
female cousin	rođakinja
In January I am traveling to the cousin I am bringing a special gift to.	U siječnju putujem k rođakinji kojoj nosim poseban poklon.
I won't write to the cousin who doesn't like my message.	Neću pisati rođakinji kojoj se ne sviđa moja poruka.
Did the cousin you helped give you anything?	Je li ti išta poklonila rođakinja kojoj si pomogao?
Those are the people we bring food to every week.	To su ljudi kojima svaki tjedan nosimo hranu.