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### Country Names as Adjectives

Many country names in Croatian end in **-ska**, **-ška**, or **-čka** (such as *Hrvatska*). These are historically feminine adjectives (short for "Croatian land", "French land", etc.) that now function as nouns. 

Because they are fundamentally adjectives, they take **adjective case endings** when they decline.

For the **nominative** (the subject) and **accusative** (destination or direction), the endings look just like regular feminine nouns: **-a** and **-u**.

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### Expressing Location: The Locative Case

When you want to say you are *in* one of these countries, you use the locative case with the preposition **u**. This is where the adjective declension stands out: instead of the regular noun ending *-i*, these country names take the feminine adjective ending **-oj**.

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This **-oj** ending also applies when talking *about* a country using the preposition **o**:

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### Expressing Origin: The Genitive Case

When expressing origin with **iz** (from) or making comparisons with **od** (than), you use the genitive case. For these countries, the genitive ending is **-e**. 

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Adjectival country names (Francuska, u Francuskoj)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
This year we are traveling to France.	Ove godine putujemo u Francusku.
Do you remember that winter in France?	Sjećate li se te zime u Francuskoj?
I ate the best fish in Spain.	Jeo sam najbolju ribu u Španjolskoj.
My mother wants to move to Spain.	Moja majka se želi preseliti u Španjolsku.
If he had money, he would live in England.	Kad bi imao novca, živio bi u Engleskoj.
Do you know anyone from England?	Znaš li nekoga iz Engleske?
Switzerland	Švicarska
Switzerland is a very rich country.	Švicarska je vrlo bogata država.
I traveled through all of Switzerland by train.	Proputovao sam cijelu Švicarsku vlakom.
Sweden	Švedska
Although it is snowing, we will go to Sweden.	Iako pada snijeg, ići ćemo u Švedsku.
What do you know about Sweden?	Što znaš o Švedskoj?
Norway	Norveška
Norway is much more expensive than Germany.	Norveška je puno skuplja od Njemačke.
All our guests come from Norway.	Svi naši gosti dolaze iz Norveške.
Finland	Finska
Finland has wonderful lakes.	Finska ima predivna jezera.
I would like to live in Finland.	Volio bih živjeti u Finskoj.
Poland	Poljska
He got on the train for Poland.	Sjeo je na vlak za Poljsku.
His wife was born in Poland.	Njegova supruga rodila se u Poljskoj.
Czechia	Češka
They went to Czechia instead of staying home.	Otišli su u Češku umjesto da ostanu doma.
We have many friends in Czechia.	Imamo mnogo prijatelja u Češkoj.
Ireland	Irska
The weather in Ireland is often bad.	Vrijeme u Irskoj često je loše.
We want to visit Ireland next year.	Želimo posjetiti Irsku sljedeće godine.