a râde — to laugh

A râde means to laugh. It is a third-conjugation verb (short infinitive a râde) with two features that demand attention. First, the stem vowel is â throughout the entire paradigm — written â medially (râd, râde, râdem) and, where the stem ends a word, still â with the gerund landing on râzând. Second, the stem-final d alternates with z before the front vowel -i: the tu form is râzi, not râdi. This d → z palatalization is the same one you meet in a vedea (văd / vezi) and a auzi (aud / auzi); once you expect it, râzi stops looking strange.

The third thing to know is its grammar: a râde de means to laugh at someone or something. English uses the preposition at, but Romanian uses de ("of/from"). The participle is the short -s form râs, which doubles as the noun râsul ("laughter") — so râs is both "laughed" and "the laugh."

Prezent indicativ

The stem is râd-, with the d → z swap only in the tu form (râzi). The 1st singular is bare (râd), and 3sg = 3pl (râde / râd).

PersonForm
eurâd
turâzi
el / earâde
noirâdem
voirâdeți
ei / elerâd

De ce râzi, am spus ceva amuzant?

Why are you laughing, did I say something funny?

Râdem mult împreună, asta îmi place la ea.

We laugh a lot together — that's what I like about her.

Imperfect

Class III imperfect: stem râd- plus the -eam endings. No d → z here, since no form ends in -i.

PersonForm
eurâdeam
turâdeai
el / earâdea
noirâdeam
voirâdeați
ei / elerâdeau

Râdeam cu lacrimi de glumele lui.

We were laughing till we cried at his jokes.

Perfect compus

Auxiliary a avea plus the short -s participle râs.

PersonForm
euam râs
tuai râs
el / eaa râs
noiam râs
voiați râs
ei / eleau râs
💡
The participle is the short râs (-s type), never râdut or râdit. The same form is the noun râs(ul) — "laughter." So am râs is "I/we laughed," while un râs sănătos is "a hearty laugh." Context and the article tell them apart.

Am râs atât de tare că m-a durut burta.

We laughed so hard my stomach hurt.

Mai-mult-ca-perfectul

Built on the participle stem se-.

PersonForm
eurâsesem
turâseseși
el / earâsese
noirâseserăm
voirâseserăți
ei / elerâseseră

Toți râseseră deja când mi-au explicat și mie gluma.

Everyone had already laughed by the time they explained the joke to me too.

Viitor

The formal voi + infinitive future and the colloquial o să + conjunctiv.

PersonViitor (voi-form, formal)Colloquial (o să)
euvoi râdeo să râd
tuvei râdeo să râzi
el / eava râdeo să râdă
noivom râdeo să râdem
voiveți râdeo să râdeți
ei / elevor râdeo să râdă

O să râzi când îți spun ce mi s-a întâmplat azi.

You'll laugh when I tell you what happened to me today.

Conjunctiv prezent

The 3rd person is irregular: să râdă (not să râde). Everywhere else it matches the indicative, tu included (să râzi).

PersonForm
eusă râd
tusă râzi
el / easă râdă
noisă râdem
voisă râdeți
ei / elesă râdă

Nu vreau să râdă nimeni de el din cauza accentului.

I don't want anyone to laugh at him because of his accent.

Condițional prezent

The conditional auxiliary (aș, ai, ar, am, ați, ar) plus the short infinitive râde.

PersonForm
euaș râde
tuai râde
el / eaar râde
noiam râde
voiați râde
ei / elear râde

Aș râde, dar chiar nu e nimic amuzant aici.

I'd laugh, but there really is nothing funny here.

Imperativ

The singular imperative is râzi! (with the d → z swap, matching the tu present), the plural râdeți!

AffirmativeNegative
tu (sg.)râzi!nu râde!
voi (pl.)râdeți!nu râdeți!

Nu râde de mine, vorbesc serios!

Don't laugh at me, I'm being serious!

Forme nepersonale

FormRomanian
Infinitiv (scurt / lung)(a) râde / râdere
Gerunziurâzând
Participiurâs
Supinde râs

Usage

The key idiomatic frame is a râde de — "to laugh at." Where English says at, Romanian says de. This is a pure transfer trap for English speakers, so internalize the collocation as a unit.

Toată clasa a râs de gluma profesorului.

The whole class laughed at the teacher's joke.

Nu e frumos să râzi de cei care greșesc.

It's not nice to laugh at those who make mistakes.

The fixed expression a izbucni în râs means "to burst out laughing" — here râs is the noun:

Când a văzut costumul, a izbucnit în râs.

When she saw the costume, she burst out laughing.

And the vivid a râde cu lacrimi — "to laugh till you cry":

Am râs cu lacrimi la spectacolul de stand-up.

We laughed till we cried at the stand-up show.

The supine de râs also means "ridiculous / laughable" as a fixed phrase:

Prețurile de la restaurantul ăla sunt de râs.

The prices at that restaurant are a joke.

Common Mistakes

The participle is the trap learners hit first — they regularize it:

❌ Am râdut toată seara.

Incorrect — the participle is the short râs (-s type), not *râdut.

✅ Am râs toată seara.

We laughed all evening.

Forgetting the d → z swap in the tu form:

❌ De ce râdi?

Incorrect — before -i, the d alternates with z: râzi.

✅ De ce râzi?

Why are you laughing?

Calquing the English preposition at with the Romanian la:

❌ Nu râde la mine!

Incorrect — a râde takes de, not la: a râde DE cineva = to laugh AT someone.

✅ Nu râde de mine!

Don't laugh at me!

And carrying the indicative ending into the subjunctive 3rd person:

❌ Nu vreau să râde nimeni.

Incorrect — the 3rd-person subjunctive is râdă.

✅ Nu vreau să râdă nimeni.

I don't want anyone to laugh.

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