صحبت کردن sohbat kardan: to Speak

صحبت کردن means “to speak, talk, or have a conversation.” It is a highly current formal-neutral compound verb: appropriate in everyday conversation, polite requests, interviews, meetings, and ordinary prose. صحبت contributes the idea of talk, while کردن carries the grammar: صحبت می‌کنم، صحبت کرد، صحبت نکرده‌ایم.

Its central valency is relational. The person spoken with takes با; the subject matter usually takes درباره‌ی or در مورد. Persian therefore says با مدیر درباره‌ی بودجه صحبت کردم “I spoke with the manager about the budget.” English learners must resist turning “speak to someone” into a direct object with را.

Principal parts and high-value paradigm

FormPersianRomanizationUse
infinitiveصحبت کردنsohbat kardanto speak/talk
past baseصحبت کردsohbat kardصحبت کردم
present baseصحبت کنsohbat konصحبت می‌کنم
past participleصحبت کردهsohbat kardeصحبت کرده‌ایم
imperativeصحبت کن / صحبت کنیدsohbat kon / sohbat konidspeak; neutral or polite by person
negative imperativeصحبت نکن / صحبت نکنیدsohbat nakon / sohbat nakoniddo not speak
PersonPresentSimple pastPresent perfectPresent subjunctive
Iصحبت می‌کنمصحبت کردمصحبت کرده‌امصحبت کنم
you (sg.)صحبت می‌کنیصحبت کردیصحبت کرده‌ایصحبت کنی
he/she/itصحبت می‌کندصحبت کردصحبت کرده استصحبت کند
weصحبت می‌کنیمصحبت کردیمصحبت کرده‌ایمصحبت کنیم
you (pl./polite)صحبت می‌کنیدصحبت کردیدصحبت کرده‌ایدصحبت کنید
theyصحبت می‌کنندصحبت کردندصحبت کرده‌اندصحبت کنند

Negatives are صحبت نمی‌کنم، صحبت نکردم، صحبت نکرده‌ام، صحبت نکنم. The nonverbal element remains separate and unchanged. The neutral subjunctive and command use کنـ, not کردـ and normally not بکنـ. The shared morphology is introduced on Compound Verbs in the Present.

لطفا کمی آهسته‌تر صحبت کنید؛ صدا قطع و وصل می‌شود.

lotfan kami âheste-tar sohbat konid; sedâ qat'-o vasl mi-shavad.

Please speak a little more slowly; the sound keeps cutting out. (polite neutral)

بهتر است پیش از جلسه با هم صحبت کنیم.

behtar ast pish az jalse bâ ham sohbat konim.

It would be better for us to talk before the meeting. (neutral; subjunctive)

The interlocutor: با, not a direct object

The default frame is با کسی صحبت کردن “talk with/to someone.” با captures the reciprocal shape of conversation even if one participant speaks more. In a very formal administrative request, با کسی تماس گرفتن may instead emphasize making contact, but once the interaction is a conversation, صحبت کردن is natural.

صبح با پزشکم صحبت کردم و وقت بعدی را عوض کردیم.

sobh bâ pezeshk-am sohbat kardam va vaqt-e ba'di râ avaz kardim.

I spoke with my doctor this morning, and we changed the next appointment. (neutral standard)

هنوز با صاحب‌خانه صحبت نکرده‌ایم.

hanuz bâ sâheb-khâne sohbat nakarde-im.

We haven't spoken with the landlord yet. (neutral standard)

Without an expressed interlocutor, the context may supply one: بعدا صحبت می‌کنیم “We'll talk later.” This omission is ordinary because Persian routinely leaves recoverable participants unspoken. It does not make صحبت کردن transitive.

The topic: درباره‌ی and در مورد

Use درباره‌ی + noun or در مورد + noun for the topic. Both are neutral; در مورد is frequent in administrative and expository prose, while درباره‌ی is at home in both speech and writing. A specific topic is still inside the prepositional phrase and normally does not take را.

می‌خواهم درباره‌ی شرایط قرارداد با شما صحبت کنم.

mi-khâham darbâre-ye sharâyet-e qarârdâd bâ shomâ sohbat konam.

I want to speak with you about the terms of the contract. (formal-neutral)

در جلسه بیشتر در مورد هزینه‌ها صحبت شد.

dar jalse bishtar dar mowred-e hazine-hâ sohbat shod.

The discussion in the meeting was mostly about costs. (formal; agentless صحبت شدن)

صحبت از + noun also occurs, especially in صحبت از این بود که... “the talk was about...” or صحبت از رفتن شد “leaving came up in conversation.” This is a different information structure, often making the emergence of a topic prominent. Learners should first master productive درباره‌ی / در مورد.

💡
Build the full frame as subject + با person + درباره‌ی topic + صحبت کردن. Neither the interlocutor nor the topic becomes a را object.

Language and manner

The language used is normally introduced with به: به فارسی صحبت کردن. The adverbial phrase does not name a topic; it names the code or manner of speech. Manner adjectives or adverbs—آرام، واضح، رسمی—normally stand before the compound.

او با مشتری‌های خارجی به انگلیسی صحبت می‌کند.

u bâ moshtari-hâ-ye khâreji be englisi sohbat mi-konad.

She speaks English with foreign customers. (neutral standard)

English “speak a language” treats the language like a direct object. Persian normally does not: فارسی صحبت می‌کنم is widespread and natural, but careful explicit framing is به فارسی صحبت می‌کنم, not فارسی را صحبت می‌کنم. When evaluating ability, فارسی بلدم “I know Persian” is also idiomatic.

صحبت کردن, حرف زدن, گفتن, and سخن گفتن

صحبت کردن is formal-neutral: polished enough for professional settings but not stiff in daily speech. حرف زدن is neutral-informal and often warmer or more conversational. سخن گفتن is formal, literary, or elevated. گفتن means “say/tell” and normally profiles a message rather than the activity of conversing.

بعد از شام نشستیم و تا نیمه‌شب حرف زدیم.

ba'd az shâm neshastim va tâ nime-shab harf zadim.

After dinner we sat down and talked until midnight. (informal-neutral; حرف زدن)

سخنران درباره‌ی مسئولیت اجتماعی دانشگاه سخن گفت.

sokhanrân darbâre-ye mas'uliyat-e ejtemâ'i-ye dâneshgâh sokhan goft.

The speaker discussed the university's social responsibility. (formal/literary)

The alternatives are not mechanically interchangeable. حرف زدن uses زدن, but صحبت زدن is not the normal compound. Likewise, to quote exact words, use گفتن: گفت: «فردا می‌آیم.»

Tehran conversational forms

Tehran speech (informal, regional: Tehran) reduces endings to صحبت می‌کنه، صحبت می‌کنین، صحبت می‌کنن. The verb remains current, though close friends often choose حرف زدن. درباره‌ی may alternate with در مورد in any register or with colloquial راجع به; the last is neutral-informal, not the best choice in formal prose.

بذار اول با خودش صحبت کنم، بعد بهت خبر می‌دم.

bezâr avval bâ khod-ash sohbat konam, ba'd be-het khabar mi-dam.

Let me talk to her first; then I'll let you know. (informal, regional: Tehran)

راجع به این موضوع جلوی بچه‌ها صحبت نکنین.

râje' be in mowzu' jelow-e bachche-hâ sohbat nakonin.

Don't talk about this in front of the children. (informal, regional: Tehran; polite/plural)

Common Mistakes

1. Making the interlocutor a را object

❌ دیروز مدیر را صحبت کردم.

Incorrect — the person spoken with takes با.

✅ دیروز با مدیر بخش فروش صحبت کردم.

diruz bâ modir-e bakhsh-e forush sohbat kardam.

Yesterday I spoke with the sales manager.

2. Combining a topic preposition with را

❌ درباره‌ی مشکل اینترنت را صحبت کردیم.

Incorrect — the topic stays inside the درباره‌ی phrase and does not take را.

✅ درباره‌ی مشکل اینترنت ساختمان صحبت کردیم.

darbâre-ye moshkel-e internet-e sâkhtemân sohbat kardim.

We discussed the building's internet problem.

3. Choosing the light verb from حرف زدن

❌ لازم است با او صحبت بزنید.

Incorrect — صحبت combines with کردن; حرف combines with زدن.

✅ لازم است مستقیم با او صحبت کنید.

lâzem ast mostaqim bâ u sohbat konid.

You need to speak with him directly.

4. Putting می‌ on the nonverbal element

❌ چرا می‌صحبت کنی وقتی چیزی نمی‌دانی؟

Incorrect — the imperfective prefix belongs on کردن, and this question needs an indicative.

✅ چرا صحبت می‌کنی وقتی چیزی نمی‌دانی؟

cherâ sohbat mi-koni vaqti chizi nemi-dâni?

Why are you speaking when you don't know anything?

Key Takeaways

  • Inflect کردن in the two-word predicate: صحبت می‌کنم، صحبت کردم، صحبت کرده‌ام، صحبت کنم.
  • Use با for the interlocutor and درباره‌ی / در مورد for the topic.
  • A language normally takes به: به فارسی صحبت کردن.
  • صحبت کردن is formal-neutral, حرف زدن neutral-informal, and سخن گفتن formal or literary.
  • Standard صحبت می‌کند corresponds to Tehran صحبت می‌کنه.

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