امکان داشتن expresses possibility, feasibility, or access to an option. It has two related constructions. In the possessive pattern, a person or system “has the possibility/capability” of an action: این دستگاه امکان اتصال به شبکه را دارد. In impersonal امکان دارد, a following event is possible: امکان دارد جلسه لغو شود “the meeting may be canceled.”
The difference matters because only the first pattern freely follows the six-person paradigm. Modal امکان دارد is conventionally third-person singular regardless of who performs the possible event. English possible, can, and have the opportunity blur feasibility, ability, and probability; Persian chooses among امکان داشتن، ممکن بودن، توانستن, and احتمال داشتن.
Principal parts
| Form | Persian | Romanization | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | امکان داشتن | emkân dâshtan | to be possible / have the possibility |
| past base | امکان داشت | emkân dâsht | امکان داشتم؛ امکان داشت |
| present base | امکان دار | emkân dâr | امکان دارم؛ امکان دارد |
| past participle | امکان داشته | emkân dâshte | امکان داشته است |
| subjunctive | امکان داشته باشم | emkân dâshte bâsham | that I have the possibility |
| imperative | — | — | no ordinary modal command |
Neutral possessive داشتن has no imperfective می in the present: امکان دارم, not امکان میدارم. Its modern subjunctive is periphrastic: امکان داشته باشم. A literal command “have possibility!” has no useful ordinary meaning, so Persian rephrases the intended instruction with شرایط را فراهم کن “create the conditions” or another lexical predicate.
این سامانه امکان پرداخت آنلاین را دارد.
in sâmâne emkân-e pardâkht-e ânlâyn râ dârad.
This system supports online payment. (formal-neutral; capability possessed by a system)
در آن دوره امکان سفر به خارج را نداشتم.
dar ân dowre emkân-e safar be khârej râ nadâshtam.
At that time, I did not have the opportunity to travel abroad. (neutral standard; personal possessor)
Personal paradigm: having an available option
| Person | Present | Simple past | Present perfect | Present subjunctive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | امکان دارم | امکان داشتم | امکان داشتهام | امکان داشته باشم |
| you (sg.) | امکان داری | امکان داشتی | امکان داشتهای | امکان داشته باشی |
| he/she/it | امکان دارد | امکان داشت | امکان داشته است | امکان داشته باشد |
| we | امکان داریم | امکان داشتیم | امکان داشتهایم | امکان داشته باشیم |
| you (pl./polite) | امکان دارید | امکان داشتید | امکان داشتهاید | امکان داشته باشید |
| they | امکان دارند | امکان داشتند | امکان داشتهاند | امکان داشته باشند |
This table belongs to the possessive reading: ما امکان انتخاب داریم “we have a choice.” Negatives are امکان ندارم، امکان نداشتم، امکان نداشتهام، امکان نداشته باشم. See داشتن dâshtan: to Have for why present دارم lacks می and why the subjunctive uses داشته باشم.
دانشجویان امکان انتخاب دو درس اختیاری را دارند.
dâneshjuyân emkân-e entekhâb-e do dars-e ekhtiyâri râ dârand.
Students have the option of choosing two electives. (formal/institutional)
امیدوارم سال آینده امکان ادامهی تحصیل داشته باشم.
omidvâram sâl-e âyande emkân-e edâme-ye tahsil dâshte bâsham.
I hope I have the opportunity to continue my studies next year. (formal-neutral; possessive subjunctive)
The content following امکان is commonly a verbal noun or infinitive: امکان انتخاب، امکان بازگشت، امکان تغییر دادن تنظیمات. With a specific available facility, the entire phrase often takes را as the object of داشتن.
An event as what is possible
An action nominal can itself be presented as possible: آیا پرداخت در دو مرحله امکان دارد؟ Here the event پرداخت در دو مرحله is the topic/subject and امکان دارد predicates feasibility. This style is current in questions, service encounters, and administrative prose. Formal writing also uses امکانپذیر است or امکان ... وجود دارد.
آیا پرداخت هزینه در دو مرحله امکان دارد؟
âyâ pardâkht-e hazine dar do marhale emkân dârad?
Is it possible to pay the fee in two installments? (formal-neutral; event subject)
با بسته شدن جاده، انتقال تجهیزات امکان نداشت.
bâ baste shodan-e jâdde, enteqâl-e tajhizât emkân nadâsht.
With the road closed, transporting the equipment was not possible. (formal-neutral; event subject)
ویرایش پاسخ پس از ثبت نهایی امکانپذیر نیست.
virâyesh-e pâsokh pas az sabt-e nehâyi emkân-pazir nist.
Editing the answer after final submission is not possible. (formal/institutional; امکانپذیر alternative)
Modal امکان دارد + finite clause
Clause-initial امکان دارد can mean “it is possible that / may.” The possible event appears as a finite clause, optionally introduced by که, and normally uses the subjunctive because it is presented as nonfactual: امکان دارد باران ببارد. The modal expression remains third-person singular even when the embedded subject is plural.
امکان دارد پرواز عصر بهدلیل مه شدید لغو شود.
emkân dârad parvâz-e asr be-dalil-e meh-e shadid laghv shavad.
The evening flight may be canceled because of dense fog. (formal-neutral; impersonal modal)
امکان دارد که نتایج اولیه فردا منتشر شوند.
emkân dârad ke natâyej-e avvaliyye fardâ montasher shavand.
The preliminary results may be published tomorrow. (formal; plural embedded subject)
This is a modal construction, not ordinary possession by an omitted person. Agreement on the embedded verb belongs to its own subject; دارد stays fixed. Modal لازم، مجبور، and امکان places it within the wider modal system.
Participant with برای
When feasibility is relative to a particular participant, برای + person identifies that person: برای من امکان ندارد فردا بیایم. The following subjunctive is normally controlled by that participant. This construction emphasizes circumstances or access rather than innate ability.
برای من امکان ندارد تا فردا گزارش را تمام کنم.
barâ-ye man emkân nadârad tâ fardâ gozâresh râ tamâm konam.
It is not possible for me to finish the report by tomorrow. (formal-neutral; participant with برای)
اگر برای شما امکان دارد، جلسه را نیم ساعت زودتر شروع کنیم.
agar barâ-ye shomâ emkân dârad, jalse râ nim sâ'at zud-tar shoru' konim.
If it is possible for you, let's start the meeting half an hour earlier. (polite standard)
Compare من نمیتوانم بیایم “I cannot come,” which may concern ability, permission, or circumstances. برای من امکان ندارد بیایم more explicitly says the circumstances do not make coming feasible.
Feasibility, possibility, and probability
امکان دارد can express feasibility or a cautious possibility. ممکن است is the broad neutral-to-formal modal “may/is possible.” احتمال دارد foregrounds likelihood, and شاید is the most compact everyday adverb “perhaps.” Negative امکان ندارد often means “impossible/not available,” which is stronger than احتمال ندارد “is unlikely.”
| Expression | Core meaning | Register |
|---|---|---|
| امکان دارد | feasible; may happen | neutral to formal |
| ممکن است | possible/may | neutral to formal |
| احتمال دارد | there is a likelihood | neutral to formal |
| شاید | perhaps/maybe | neutral, very common in speech |
احتمال دارد قیمتها بالا بروند، اما افزایش قطعی نیست.
ehtemâl dârad qeymat-hâ bâlâ beravand, ammâ afzâyesh qat'i nist.
There is a chance that prices will rise, but the increase is not certain. (formal-neutral; probability rather than feasibility)
Tehran conversational forms
Everyday Tehran (informal, regional: Tehran) reduces third singular to امکان داره / نداره and often prefers ممکنه or امکانش هست؟. Personal forms include امکان دارین، دارن. These are conversational spellings, not formal prose.
امکان داره امشب دیرتر برسم؛ منتظرم نمون.
emkân dâre emshab dir-tar beresam; montazer-am namun.
I might arrive later tonight; don't wait for me. (informal, regional: Tehran)
امکانش هست فایل رو دوباره بفرستین؟
emkân-esh hast fâyl ro do-bâre beferestin?
Would it be possible for you to send the file again? (informal polite, regional: Tehran)
Common Mistakes
1. Adding می to present امکان داشتن
❌ این دستگاه امکان اتصال بیسیم را میدارد.
Incorrect in neutral modern Persian — possessive داشتن uses دارد without می.
✅ این دستگاه امکان اتصال بیسیم را دارد.
in dastgâh emkân-e ettesâl-e bi-sim râ dârad.
This device supports wireless connectivity.
2. Making impersonal امکان دارد agree with the embedded subject
❌ امکان دارند چند نفر دیر برسند.
Incorrect — modal امکان دارد remains third-person singular; چند نفر controls only برسند.
✅ امکان دارد چند نفر دیر برسند.
emkân dârad chand nafar dir beresand.
Several people may arrive late.
3. Using an indicative for the nonfactual event
❌ امکان دارد فردا باران میبارد.
Incorrect — the possible event normally appears in the subjunctive.
✅ امکان دارد فردا بعدازظهر باران ببارد.
emkân dârad fardâ ba'd-az-zohr bârân bebârad.
It may rain tomorrow afternoon.
4. Using a long infinitive for a participant-controlled action
❌ برای من امکان ندارد فردا آمدن.
Incorrect — the participant's action is a finite subjunctive.
✅ برای من امکان ندارد فردا زودتر بیایم.
barâ-ye man emkân nadârad fardâ zud-tar biyâyam.
It is not possible for me to come earlier tomorrow.
5. Joining the compound
❌ این تغییر اکنون امکانندارد.
Incorrect standard spacing — امکان and ندارد are separate words.
✅ این تغییر در نسخهی فعلی امکان ندارد.
in taghyir dar noskhe-ye fe'li emkân nadârad.
This change is not possible in the current version.
Key Takeaways
- Personal امکان دارم / دارند means having an available option or capability and follows the ordinary داشتن paradigm.
- Event-subject پرداخت در دو مرحله امکان دارد؟ asks whether an action is feasible.
- Impersonal modal امکان دارد stays third-person singular and normally introduces a subjunctive event.
- برای + person identifies the participant for whom an action is or is not feasible.
- احتمال دارد emphasizes likelihood; امکان ندارد often expresses stronger impossibility or unavailability.
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