Breakdown of Ayakkabıları defolu olduğundan değil, kullanışsız olduğundan geri verdim.
değil
not
olmak
to be
vermek
to give
ayakkabı
shoe
geri
back (direction or movement)
defolu
defective
kullanışsız
impractical
Questions & Answers about Ayakkabıları defolu olduğundan değil, kullanışsız olduğundan geri verdim.
How does olduğundan değil translate to 'not because they were'?
The structure uses the verb olmak (to be) with the fact participle -dık and a possessive suffix, making olduğu ('the fact that it is'). Adding the ablative suffix -ndan ('from') turns it into a reason: 'because it is'. Finally, değil negates this reason. Literally, it means 'not from its being'.
Why is ayakkabıları in the accusative case here?
Where is the word for 'they' in the Turkish sentence?
It is implied by the context. The word olduğundan contains the 3rd person singular possessive suffix -u (literally 'from its being'). Although the shoes are plural, Turkish commonly uses singular grammatical forms for plural inanimate objects. You don't need to explicitly say onların ('their').
How are the adjectives defolu and kullanışsız formed?
They use opposite suffix patterns. Defolu combines defo (defect) with -lu (with/having), meaning 'defective'. Kullanışsız combines kullanış (use/usefulness) with -sız (without), meaning 'impractical'. The noun kullanış itself comes from the verb kullanmak (to use).
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