Breakdown of Gerek devlet gerekse özel şirketler kalkınma ve refah için çalışıyor.
ve
and
çalışmak
to work / to study
şirket
company
için
for
özel
special
devlet
state
gerek
whether ... or (in 'gerek ... gerekse')
gerekse
and / or (in gerek... gerekse construction)
refah
prosperity, welfare
kalkınma
development (economic)
Questions & Answers about Gerek devlet gerekse özel şirketler kalkınma ve refah için çalışıyor.
Why does the second gerek have -se at the end in gerek devlet gerekse özel şirketler?
The pattern gerek ... gerek ... means "both ... and ..." or "whether ... or ...". You will often see the conditional suffix -se attached to the second (or final) gerek. It doesn't change the meaning; gerek ... gerekse ... is just a very common, slightly more emphatic variation.
Could I use hem ... hem de ... instead of gerek ... gerekse ... here?
Yes! Hem devlet hem de özel şirketler would mean exactly the same thing. However, gerek ... gerek(se) ... sounds more formal, official, or academic, which fits perfectly with the topic of states, companies, and economic development.
The subject includes özel şirketler (plural), so why is the verb çalışıyor in the singular form rather than çalışıyorlar?
In Turkish, when a plural subject is non-human (like companies, animals, or concepts), the verb is almost always conjugated in the singular. So even though şirketler is plural, the verb çalışıyor stays singular.
How is the word kalkınma formed?
It means "development" or "economic growth." It comes from the verb kalkınmak (to develop or progress), which is related to the root kalkmak (to get up or rise). The -ma suffix is used here to turn the verb into a noun, making it "the act of developing."
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