Questions & Answers about Yeni kaptan daha hızlı koşsaydı, gol atardık.
How do we get 'if he had run' from koşsaydı?
This uses the past counterfactual conditional. We take the verb root koş- (run), add the conditional suffix -sa (if), a buffer -y-, and the past tense -dı. Together, koşsaydı means 'if he had run' (implying that he actually didn't).
Why is there an -ar- in atardık? Doesn't the aorist tense usually mean a general present habit?
Yes, -ar is the aorist (broad tense) suffix. However, when you combine the aorist with the past tense -dı, it translates to 'would have' for the result half of past conditional sentences. So, at-ar-dı-k breaks down to 'score + aorist + past + we', meaning 'we would have scored'.
I know atmak usually means 'to throw'. Why is it used for scoring here?
In Turkish, the fixed phrase for 'to score a goal' is gol atmak (literally, 'to throw a goal'). You will hear this expression used in football (soccer), basketball, and many other sports.
Why doesn't hızlı change form to become an adverb here?
In Turkish, many words like hızlı (fast), iyi (good/well), and güzel (beautiful/beautifully) can act as either adjectives or adverbs without changing their form. Here it acts as an adverb modifying the verb, and adding daha (more) simply makes it 'faster'.