Question 1

Why do we use tarafından after okurlar?

Accepted Answer

In Turkish passive sentences, the person or thing doing the action (the agent) is usually left out. When you do want to mention who did it, you use the word tarafından right after the noun. So, okurlar tarafından translates to "by the readers". Literally, it means "from the side of the readers".

Question 2

Could we use the -cE suffix here and say okurlarca instead of okurlar tarafından?

Accepted Answer

Yes, you can! Okurlarca also means "by the readers" and is grammatically correct. However, the -cE suffix usually sounds a bit more formal or bureaucratic, and is often used for official bodies (like "by the government" or "by the committee"). For a general group of people like "readers", tarafından is much more common in everyday speech.

Question 3

How is the verb beğenilmiş made passive?

Accepted Answer

The root verb is beğenmek (to like). To make it passive, we add the suffix -il, which gives us beğenilmek (to be liked). Finally, we add the past tense suffix -miş to get beğenilmiş (has been liked). If you left out the -il and just wrote beğenmiş mi?, it would mean "Did he/she like it?".

Question 4

Why does this sentence use beğenilmiş mi instead of the regular past tense beğenildi mi?

Accepted Answer

Both ask if the poem was liked, but using the -miş past tense implies you are asking about a general consensus, a rumor, or something you haven't witnessed firsthand. If you used -di (beğenildi mi?), it would sound like a direct factual question about a specific event, such as asking if the poem was liked at a poetry reading that just finished.

Bu şiir okurlar tarafından beğenilmiş mi?

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