Learn Turkish: Bence korkakça davranmadılar. - In my opinion, they didn't act cowardly.

The suffix -ce (or -ca) can mean "according to" or "from the perspective of." When added to ben (I), it creates bence, which literally means "according to me" or "in my opinion." You can also use it with other pronouns, like sence (in your opinion).

Why does korkakça end with -ça instead of -ce like bence?

This happens because of two pronunciation rules: vowel harmony and consonant mutation. First, the last vowel in korkak is "a", so A-type vowel harmony gives us an "a" in the suffix. Second, korkak ends in "k", which is a voiceless (hard) consonant. This forces the "c" in the suffix to change to the matching hard consonant "ç". Therefore, the suffix becomes -ça.

What is the exact function of -ça in korkakça here?

In this word, the suffix acts as an adverbial maker. It takes the noun or adjective korkak (coward or cowardly) and turns it into an adverb describing how the action was done. So korkakça davranmadılar means they didn't act "in a cowardly way."

Can you break down the order of the suffixes in davranmadılar?