Learn Turkish: Tasmayı ve kafesi arabaya koyar mısın? - Will you put the leash and the cage in the car?

To ask someone politely to do something in Turkish, we often use the aorist (simple present) tense as a question. Koymak is the verb (to put), koyar is the aorist form, and mısın is the 2nd person question particle. It translates literally as 'do you put?' but functions exactly like 'will you put?' or 'could you put?' in English.

Since the vowel in koy- is 'o', why isn't the aorist ending -ur?

The aorist tense has a special rule: most one-syllable verb roots take the two-way vowel harmony endings (-ar or -er). Since koy- is one syllable, it takes -ar to become koyar. The four-way harmony endings (-ır, -ir, -ur, -ür) are mostly used for verbs with two or more syllables.

English says 'in the car', so why use the dative case (arabaya) instead of the locative (arabada)?

In English, we say we put something 'in' a place. But in Turkish, the action of putting (koymak) involves movement toward a destination. Because of this movement, Turkish requires the dative case (the 'to/towards' ending), making it arabaya (into the car) instead of arabada (static location inside the car).

Why do both tasma and kafes have accusative endings? Couldn't I just put it on the last word?