Learn Turkish: Küçük köpeğe aşı yapar mısın? - Will you vaccinate the little dog?

In Turkish, the aorist tense (the "broad" or "simple present" tense, using -ar or -er) is the standard way to make polite requests. While yapacak mısın? asks a direct question about future plans ("are you going to do it?"), yapar mısın? translates more like a polite "would you do it?" or "will you do it for me?".

How does aşı yapar mısın mean "vaccinate"? Doesn't yapmak mean "to do" or "to make"?

Exactly! Turkish frequently pairs a noun with yapmak (to do/make) to create a new verb. Here, aşı means "vaccine," so aşı yapmak literally translates to "to do/make a vaccine," which is the natural way to say "to vaccinate" in Turkish.

Why did köpek (dog) change to köpeğe?

Two things happened here! First, we need to show to whom the vaccine is being given, so we add the dative (direction) ending -e to mean "to the dog." Second, because köpek ends in a hard k and we are adding a vowel, consonant mutation softens the k into a ğ, resulting in köpeğe.

Why doesn't the adjective küçük (little) get a matching ending like köpeğe does?