Learn Turkish: Kedi hasta, bu yüzden veterineri arar mısın? - The cat is sick, so will you call the vet?

The verb aramak (to call) gets the Aorist tense suffix -r followed by the question particle mısın (are you). While the Aorist usually describes things you do generally or as a habit, using it in a second-person question like arar mısın? is the standard Turkish way to say "would you call?" or "will you call?" as a polite request.

Why is there an -i at the end of veterineri?

That is the accusative case suffix, which marks a specific direct object. Because you are asking the person to call a specific vet (the one you usually go to for this cat), veteriner gets the -i ending. If you just said veteriner arar mısın, it would mean "will you call any vet?".

What is the literal meaning of bu yüzden?

It translates to "because of this" or "from this reason". The word bu means "this", yüz means "cause" or "reason" (though it also commonly means "face"), and -den is the "from" ending. Together, bu yüzden is an extremely common phrase used to connect sentences with "so" or "therefore".

Why is there no word for "is" in Kedi hasta?

In the present tense, Turkish doesn't use a separate verb for "to be" with third-person subjects like "he", "she", "it", or "the cat". You simply place the noun and the adjective side-by-side. Kedi hasta directly translates to "Cat sick", which perfectly expresses "The cat is sick".