Learn Turkish: Kadın cüzdanını düşürdü ve polis fark etti. - The woman dropped her wallet and the police noticed.

The verb root is düşür (to drop). The standard past tense suffix is -di, but because of vowel harmony, the vowel changes to match the last vowel of the root (ü), making it -dü. Since the subject is 'the woman' (3rd person), we don't add any extra personal suffix. So, düşürdü means 'she dropped'.

Why is the past tense ending -ti instead of -di in fark etti?

This is due to consonant harmony, a rule you might remember from earlier lessons. The helper verb here is etmek (to do), and its root is et. Since et ends in a voiceless consonant (t), the standard past tense suffix -di changes its d to a voiceless t to match. This gives us etti.

Why does cüzdanını end with two ıs separated by an n?

Let's break it down! The base word is cüzdan (wallet). The first ı is the possessive suffix making it 'her wallet' (cüzdanı). Because the wallet is the specific object being dropped, we need to add the accusative case suffix, which is the second ı. When adding a case suffix to a 3rd person possessive, Turkish always requires the buffer letter n in between. So it becomes cüzdan + ı + n + ı.