Learn Turkish: Çocuk ağlıyor çünkü oda çok karanlık. - The child is crying because the room is very dark.

It works exactly like "because" in English! You just put çünkü between two complete sentences. Here, it connects Çocuk ağlıyor (The child is crying) and oda çok karanlık (the room is very dark) without changing the word order of either part.

The dictionary says "to cry" is ağlamak. Why does it become ağlıyor instead of ağlayor?

This happens because of a rule called vowel narrowing. When a verb stem ends in a wide vowel like a or e (like ağla-), adding the present continuous suffix -yor squeezes that vowel into a narrow one (ı, i, u, or ü). So, ağla- + -yor becomes ağlıyor.

The translation says "the room is very dark". Where is the word for "is" in the Turkish sentence?

In simple present tense sentences, Turkish doesn't usually need a separate word or suffix for "is" when describing things. By just putting the subject (oda) and the adjective (karanlık) together as a statement, the "is" is automatically implied.

Why aren't there any words for "the" before çocuk or oda?

Turkish doesn't have a definite article like the English word "the". Depending on the context, a simple noun like çocuk can mean "a child" or "the child". Because we are describing a specific situation here, we translate them as "the child" and "the room".