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### The Turkish table

Turkish food splits neatly by where you eat it. On the street, breakfast means {{item:847258}} — a crisp sesame bread ring sold from red carts every morning — and {{item:847261}}, thin pastry filled with cheese, meat or potato. Both go with tea, never with coffee.

### The grill

The grill house gives Turkish its most famous exports. {{item:847249}} is the umbrella word for grilled meat dishes; {{item:847252}} — literally *the turning one*, from *dönmek* — is meat sliced from a rotating spit; {{item:847255}} are grilled patties of minced meat, onion and spices.

| dish | what it is |
|---|---|
| *kebap* | grilled meat, the family name |
| *döner* | meat shaved from a turning spit |
| *köfte* | spiced grilled meatballs |
| *simit* | sesame bread ring |
| *börek* | filled thin-dough pastry |

### Home cooking

Daily home food is quieter: {{item:847272}} — beans, usually white beans in tomato sauce — served over {{item:847264}}. Note that *pirinç* is rice as a grain, in the shop; cooked on the plate it becomes *pilav*. {{item:847275}} is any pasta, and {{item:847278}} covers every pepper, from sweet green to hot red.

### Sweet things

{{item:847266}} is the plain sponge-style cake you bake at home — the cream-layered bakery cake is *pasta*, which you already know. And {{item:847269}} is ice cream; the famous chewy kind is made with orchid root.

Turkish food and dishes

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
kebab	kebap
This restaurant's kebab is very delicious.	Bu lokantanın kebabı çok lezzetli.
The waiter brought the kebab. Enjoy your meal!	Garson kebap getirdi. Afiyet olsun!
döner	döner
I bought a döner for lunch.	Öğle yemeği için döner aldım.
In this shop, döner is very cheap.	Bu dükkânda döner çok ucuz.
meatballs, köfte	köfte
My mother is making meatballs today.	Annem bugün köfte yapıyor.
I ate meatballs and salad at the restaurant.	Lokantada köfte ve salata yedim.
simit (sesame bread ring)	simit
Every morning I buy a simit from the bakery.	Her sabah fırından simit alıyorum.
We had breakfast with simit and tea.	Simit ve çay ile kahvaltı ettik.
börek (filled pastry)	börek
There is cheese inside this börek.	Bu böreğin içinde peynir var.
We bought fresh börek from the bakery.	Fırından taze börek aldık.
rice	pirinç
In the evening I cooked rice.	Akşam pirinç pişirdim.
cake (plain, sponge-style)	kek
My mother made a cake for tea.	Annem çay için kek yaptı.
This cake is very good, I want a little more.	Bu kek çok güzel, biraz daha istiyorum.
ice cream	dondurma
The weather is very hot, I want ice cream.	Hava çok sıcak, dondurma istiyorum.
The children ate ice cream after dinner.	Çocuklar akşam yemeğinden sonra dondurma yedi.
beans	fasulye
I bought rice and beans from the bazaar.	Pazardan pirinç ve fasulye aldım.
My mother cooked beans in the evening; they were very delicious.	Annem akşam fasulye pişirdi, çok lezzetliydi.
pasta	makarna
The children love pasta a lot.	Çocuklar makarnayı çok seviyor.
I want to make pasta this evening.	Bu akşam makarna yapmak istiyorum.
pepper	biber
We bought tomatoes and peppers from the vendor.	Satıcıdan domates ve biber aldık.
I put green pepper in the salad.	Salataya yeşil biber koydum.
beer	bira
I want a cold beer.	Soğuk bir bira istiyorum.
I do not drink beer, thank you.	Bira içmiyorum, teşekkürler.
bar (venue)	bar
The music in this bar is very nice.	Bu barda müzik çok güzel.
I am meeting my friends at the bar.	Arkadaşlarımla barda buluşuyorum.

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