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### Adjective + olmak

**olmak** turns an adjective into a change of state. The adjective on its own says how something *is*; with **olmak** it says that something *becomes* that way.

| adjective alone | with olmak |
|---|---|
| *hastayım* — I am ill | {{item:829355}} — to fall ill |
| *mutluyum* — I am happy | {{item:829358}} — to become happy |
| *hazırım* — I am ready | {{item:829352}} — to get ready |

### The fixed pairs

Several of these have hardened into set expressions. {{item:829367}} is *to be sure*, from the adjective {{item:829364}}; {{item:829370}} is *to be aware*; and {{item:829373}} is the ordinary, slightly more polite way to offer help beside *yardım etmek*.

{{item:829376}} means **to cause**. The word *neden* is the same one you know as the question *why* — here it is the noun *cause*.

{{item:829361}} is *to be pleased*, and its frozen past form **memnun oldum** is how you say *pleased to meet you*.

States and changes with olmak

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
to be ready, to get ready	hazır olmak
We are getting ready tomorrow morning.	Yarın sabah hazır oluyoruz.
Be ready and call me.	Hazır ol ve beni ara.
to fall ill, to get sick	hasta olmak
I fell ill in the cold weather.	Soğuk havada hasta oldum.
I worked a lot and got sick.	Çok çalıştım ve hasta oldum.
to become happy	mutlu olmak
I saw you and became happy.	Seni gördüm ve mutlu oldum.
Everyone wants to be happy.	Herkes mutlu olmak istiyor.
to be pleased	memnun olmak
I saw you, I am very pleased.	Sizi gördüm, çok memnun oldum.
She was very pleased with the gift.	Hediyeden çok memnun oldu.
sure, certain	emin
I am not sure about the answer.	Cevaptan emin değilim.
He spoke in a confident voice.	Emin bir sesle konuştu.
to be sure	emin olmak
I want to be sure about the address.	Adresten emin olmak istiyorum.
I became sure and told you.	Emin oldum ve sana söyledim.
to be aware	farkında olmak
I became aware of this.	Bunun farkında oldum.
I was not aware.	Ben farkında değildim.
to be of help	yardımcı olmak
I am helping you.	Size yardımcı oluyorum.
The teacher helped me a lot.	Öğretmen bana çok yardımcı oldu.
to cause	neden olmak
This medicine caused a problem.	Bu ilaç bir soruna neden oldu.
The rain caused this.	Yağmur buna neden oldu.